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Upper Limb > Nerves of the Upper Limb > Flashcards

Nerves of the Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What are the ventral rami that make up the brachial plexus?

A

C5,6,7,8 and T1

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2
Q

What is a prefixed brachial plexus?

A

A plexus from C4-8

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3
Q

What is a postfixed brachial plexus?

A

A plexus from C5-T2

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4
Q

What are the divisions of the brachial plexus?

A

roots, trunks, divisions, cords, branches

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5
Q

Which roots make up the upper trunk?

A

C5 and C6

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6
Q

Which roots make up the middle trunk?

A

C7

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7
Q

Which roots make up the lower trunk?

A

C8 and T1

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8
Q

What does each trunk divide into?

A

an anterior and posterior divisions

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9
Q

What do the anterior divisions supply?

A

flexor muscles and the skin overlying them

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10
Q

What do the posterior divisions supply?

A

extensor muscles and the skin overlying them

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11
Q

How are the cords named?

A

based on their relationship to the axillary artery - lateral, medial and posterior

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12
Q

What makes up the lateral cord?

A

anterior divisions of upper and middle trunks

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13
Q

What makes up the medial cord?

A

anterior division of the lower trunk

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14
Q

What makes up the posterior cord?

A

all of the posterior divisions

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15
Q

What makes up the musculocutaneous branch?

A

the lateral cord

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16
Q

What makes up the median nerve?

A

the lateral cord and the medial cord

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17
Q

What makes up the ulnar nerve?

A

the medial cord

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18
Q

What makes up the axillary nerve?

A

the posterior cord

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19
Q

What makes up the radial nerve?

A

the posterior cord

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20
Q

Where do the medial cutaneous nerves of arm and forearm branch off?

A

from the medial cord

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21
Q

Which parts of the brachial plexus are above the clavicle?

A

roots and trunks

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22
Q

Which parts of the brachial plexus are behind the clavicle?

A

divisions

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23
Q

Which parts of the brachial plexus are below the clavicle?

A

cords and branches

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24
Q

Which roots supply the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

C5,6,7

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25
Q

What muscles does the musculocutaneous nerve supply?

A

coracobrachialis, brachialis, biceps

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26
Q

Which muscle does musculocutaneous pierce?

A

coracobrachialis

27
Q

Where does musculocutaneous descend?

A

in the arm above brachialis and deep to biceps

28
Q

Where does musculocutaneous become superficial?

A

lateral to the tendon of biceps at the elbow joint - becomes lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm

29
Q

Are injuries to musculocutaneous common?

A

no

30
Q

What is the cutaneous supply of musculocutaneous?

A

lateral side of the forearm

31
Q

Which roots supply the ulnar nerve?

A

C8 and T1 (with contribution from C7)

32
Q

Where does the ulnar nerve descend in the arm?

A

medial to the artery

33
Q

What injury at the elbow risks injury to the ulnar nerve?

A

fracture of the medial epicondyle

34
Q

Where does the ulnar nerve descend in the forearm?

A

underneath FCU on top of the medial part of FDP

35
Q

How does the ulnar nerve cross the wrist?

A

superficial to the flexor retinaculum - at risk in a laceration to the wrist

36
Q

Which carpal bone does the ulnar nerve tuck in next to?

A

pisiform

37
Q

What is the motor supply of the ulnar nerve?

A

FCU, medial half of FDP, and all of the muscles in the hand except the thenar eminence and half the lumbricals

38
Q

What is the cutaneous supply of the ulnar nerve?

A

medial 1 and a half fingers and related dorsal and palmar aspect of the hand

39
Q

What roots supply the median nerve?

A

C5,6,7,8,T1

40
Q

How does the median nerve descend in the arm?

A

starts off anterior or lateral to the artery and as it descends it becomes medial to the artery

41
Q

Where is the median nerve in the elbow?

A

medial to the artery

42
Q

How does the median nerve descend in the forearm?

A

goes through the fibrous arch of FDS and then passes in the middle of the forearm between the superficial and deep muscles

43
Q

How does the median nerve cross the wrist?

A

in the flexor retinaculum through the carpal tunnel - at risk in carpal tunnel syndrome

44
Q

What is the motor supply of the median nerve?

A

all of the anterior muscles of the forearm except FCU and half of FDP and in the hand it supplies the thenar eminence and the lateral 2 lumbricals

45
Q

What branch of the median nerve supplies the thenar eminence?

A

the recurrent thenar branch

46
Q

What is the cutaneous supply of the median nerve?

A

lateral 3 and a half fingers and their associated palmar region at at least the nail beds of the lateral 3 and a half fingers for the dorsal aspect

47
Q

Why isn’t the cutaneous supply affected in carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

because cutaneous branches are given off before it enters the carpal tunnel

48
Q

What nerve roots supply the axillary nerve?

A

C5 and 6

49
Q

Where does the axillary nerve enter the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

between teres major and teres minor

50
Q

When is the axillary nerve at risk?

A

in a shoulder dislocation

51
Q

What is the motor supply of the axillary nerve?

A

deltoid and teres minor

52
Q

What is the cutaneous supply of the axillary nerve?

A

the military badge area

53
Q

What nerve roots supply the radial nerve?

A

C5,6,7,8 and T1

54
Q

Where does the radial nerve enter the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

beneath teres major

55
Q

What is the path of the radial nerve in the arm?

A

spiral around the shaft of the humerus from medial to lateral

56
Q

When is the radial nerve at risk?

A

in a fracture of the shaft of the humerus or a poorly fitted crutch

57
Q

Where does the radial nerve travel in the forearm?

A

Divides into the posterior interosseus nerve (deep branch) and the superficial branch - the deep branch travels through supinator and then in the middle of the posterior compartment of the forearm and the superficial branch travels under brachioradialis - the deep branch supplies the muscles and the superficial branch is cutaneous

58
Q

Where does the radial nerve cross the hand?

A

in the roof of the anatomical snuffbox on to the dorsum of the hand

59
Q

What is the motor supply of the radial nerve?

A

all extensor muscles in the arm and forearm

60
Q

Why doesn’t a fracture to the shaft of the humerus effect the action of the triceps?

A

because the branches to supply the triceps branch off just at the radial nerve emerges - well before it get to the humerus

61
Q

What is the cutaneous supply of the radial nerve?

A

the posterior aspect of the arm, forearm and part of the dorsum of the hand - variable area but will always include the first webbed space

62
Q

What is the cutaneous supply of the medial side of the arm?

A

the medial cutaneous nerve of arm and forearm

63
Q

When do you see a dermatomal and myotomal deficit?

A

If the nerve damage is at the root not the nerve branches

64
Q

What is the dermatomal supply of the middle finger?

A

C7

Upper Limb (9 decks)

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