Elbow & Radioulnar Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What nerve is behind the medial epicondyle?

A

the ulnar nerve

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2
Q

Which is medial - the trochlea or the capitulum?

A

the trochlea

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3
Q

Where does the lateral collateral ligament of the elbow attach?

A

To the lateral epicondyle proximally and the annular ligament distally

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4
Q

What is the annular ligament?

A

a ligament that encloses the head of the radius

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5
Q

What movement does the attachment of the lateral collateral to the annular ligament permit?

A

pronation and supination

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6
Q

What movement do collateral ligaments resist?

A

abduction and adduction

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7
Q

In what orientation is the elbow joint most secure?

A

extension

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8
Q

What is the carrying angle?

A

valgus angulation of the forearm relative to the arm

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9
Q

What does increased valgus angulation cause?

A

stretching of the medial collateral ligament and the ulnar nerve

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10
Q

What is the key feature of the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

it is in the same joint capsule as the elbow joint

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11
Q

What movement do the radioulnar joints cause?

A

pronation and supination

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12
Q

What is the function of the interosseus membrane?

A

transmits forces between the radius and the ulna and provides a surface for muscle attachment

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13
Q

What does the interosseus membrane mean for a fracture in the radius?

A

It will likely be accompanied by a fracture in the ulna and vice versa

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14
Q

What is the key feature of the distal radioulnar joint?

A

a fibrocartilage disc - more likely to perforate with age

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15
Q

What muscles act as pronators and supinators?

A

pronator teres, pronator quadratus, supinator, biceps

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16
Q

Why is a pulled elbow more likely in children?

A

Their annular ligament is weaker

17
Q

When is a posterior dislocation of the elbow likely to occur?

A

In a backwards fall with a flexed elbow

18
Q

What will a posterior dislocation of the elbow joint cause?

A

fracture of the coronoid process

19
Q

What may also be caused by elbow dislocation?

A

Volkmann’s ischaemia - avascular necrosis of the muscles of the forearm due to spasm of the brachial artery limiting blood supply to the ulnar artery

20
Q

What is tennis elbow?

A

lateral epicondylitis - tendinitis of wrist extensor muscles due to extension, pronation and wrist flexion

21
Q

What structure is vulnerable in a fracture of the medial epicondyle?

A

the ulnar nerve