Nerve signalling in the ANS Flashcards
Neurotransmitter at ganglia?
ACh.
Main transmitters of the Autonomic Nervous System.
Acetylcholine and Noradrenaline, Nitric oxide, ATP.
Neurotransmitter at sympathetic neuro-effector junctions?
NA.
Neurotransmitter at parasympathetic neuro-effector junction?
ACh.
At sympathetics and parasympathetics, ACh acts on what receptors?
Muscarinic.
How many subtypes of nicotinic receptors?
3, neuronal, muscle and CNS.
What type of channels are nicotinic receptors?
Ligand gated ion channels.
What type of channels are Muscarinic receptors?
G-protein coupled.
Types of muscarinic receptors.
3 types.
M1 and M3.
Excitatory Muscarinic receptors which work by activating phospholipase C.
M2.
Work by inhibiting adenyl cyclase. Are inhibitory Muscarinic receptors.
M1.
Parietal cells in CNS and PNS.
Sections - salivary and gastric acid.
M2.
Cardiac, presynaptic cardiac inhibition, heart, smooth muscle.
M3.
Glandular/ smooth muscle. Involved in secretions, smooth muscle contraction and indirecting in vasodialation.
Muscarinic receptors in the CNS can cause what pathologies?
Alzheimers, Parkinsons, Depression, Schizophrenia.
Type of Muscarinic receptors in pancreas.
Type 1.
Types of adrenoreceptors.
Alpha amd beta.
Alpha adrenoreceptors.
Excitatory. Highest effect by noradrenaline?
Beta adrenoreceptors.
Highest effect by isoprenaline. Inihibitory effect only in the heart.
What type of receptors are adrenoreceptors?
G-protein coupled.
Subtypes of alpha Adrenoreceptors?
A1 and A2.
A1.
Activate Phospholipase C.
Pupil dilation, vasoconstriction, salivary secretion, relaxation of smooth muscle.
MYDRIASIS.
A2.
Reduce CAMP. Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, inhibition of transmitter release, inhibition of insulin release.
Beta adrenoreceptors.
G-protein coupled - increases CAMP.
B1.
Increase cardiac rate and force increased renin and aqueous humour production.
B2.
BRONCHODILATION, Vasodialation, relaxation of visceral smooth muscle,hepatic glycogenolysis.
B3.
Lipolysis, smooth muscle relaxation.
Adrenaline synthesis.
Tyrosine, DOPA, Dopamine, Noradrenaline, Adrenaline.
Hydroxylase, Decarboxylase, Beta hydroxylase, Phenylethanoloamine N-methyltransferase.
What can be given to increase dopamine synthesis?
L-DOPA.
What is usually given with L-DOPA?
A PERIPHERAL DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor so that the chance of hyperdopaminergia and its associated effects are reduced.
How NA release is affected.
Affecting the stores,
Blocking release,
Evoking NA in the absence of stimulation,
Interacting with presynaptic receptors - a2 agonists/ antwgonists.
Stuff that would affect NA store?
Reserpine, Mono amine oxidase A.
Stuff that block NA release.
Guanethidine, bretylium.
Evoke NA release in the absence of stimulation.
Tyramine, amphetamines, epihedrine.
Inhibitors of MAO.
Increase NA store.
