Nerve signalling in the ANS

Question 0

Neurotransmitter at ganglia?

Answer 0

ACh.

Question 1

Main transmitters of the Autonomic Nervous System.

Answer 1

Acetylcholine and Noradrenaline, Nitric oxide, ATP.

Question 2

Neurotransmitter at sympathetic neuro-effector junctions?

Answer 2

NA.

Question 3

Neurotransmitter at parasympathetic neuro-effector junction?

Answer 3

ACh.

Question 4

At sympathetics and parasympathetics, ACh acts on what receptors?

Answer 4

Muscarinic.

Question 5

How many subtypes of nicotinic receptors?

Answer 5

3, neuronal, muscle and CNS.

Question 6

What type of channels are nicotinic receptors?

Answer 6

Ligand gated ion channels.

Question 7

What type of channels are Muscarinic receptors?

Answer 7

G-protein coupled.

Question 8

Types of muscarinic receptors.

Answer 8

3 types.

Question 9

M1 and M3.

Answer 9

Excitatory Muscarinic receptors which work by activating phospholipase C.

Question 10

M2.

Answer 10

Work by inhibiting adenyl cyclase. Are inhibitory Muscarinic receptors.

Question 11

M1.

Answer 11

Parietal cells in CNS and PNS.

Sections - salivary and gastric acid.

Question 12

M2.

Answer 12

Cardiac, presynaptic cardiac inhibition, heart, smooth muscle.

Question 13

M3.

Answer 13

Glandular/ smooth muscle. Involved in secretions, smooth muscle contraction and indirecting in vasodialation.

Question 14

Muscarinic receptors in the CNS can cause what pathologies?

Answer 14

Alzheimers, Parkinsons, Depression, Schizophrenia.

Question 15

Type of Muscarinic receptors in pancreas.

Answer 15

Type 1.

Question 16

Types of adrenoreceptors.

Answer 16

Alpha amd beta.

Question 17

Alpha adrenoreceptors.

Answer 17

Excitatory. Highest effect by noradrenaline?

Question 18

Beta adrenoreceptors.

Answer 18

Highest effect by isoprenaline. Inihibitory effect only in the heart.

Question 19

What type of receptors are adrenoreceptors?

Answer 19

G-protein coupled.

Question 20

Subtypes of alpha Adrenoreceptors?

Answer 20

A1 and A2.

Question 21

A1.

Answer 21

Activate Phospholipase C.
Pupil dilation, vasoconstriction, salivary secretion, relaxation of smooth muscle.
MYDRIASIS.

Question 22

A2.

Answer 22

Reduce CAMP. Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, inhibition of transmitter release, inhibition of insulin release.

Question 23

Beta adrenoreceptors.

Answer 23

G-protein coupled - increases CAMP.

Question 24

B1.

Answer 24

Increase cardiac rate and force increased renin and aqueous humour production.

Question 25

B2.

Answer 25

BRONCHODILATION, Vasodialation, relaxation of visceral smooth muscle,hepatic glycogenolysis.

Question 26

B3.

Answer 26

Lipolysis, smooth muscle relaxation.

Question 27

Adrenaline synthesis.

Answer 27

Tyrosine, DOPA, Dopamine, Noradrenaline, Adrenaline.

Hydroxylase, Decarboxylase, Beta hydroxylase, Phenylethanoloamine N-methyltransferase.

Question 28

What can be given to increase dopamine synthesis?

Answer 28

L-DOPA.

Question 29

What is usually given with L-DOPA?

Answer 29

A PERIPHERAL DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor so that the chance of hyperdopaminergia and its associated effects are reduced.

Question 30

How NA release is affected.

Answer 30

Affecting the stores,
Blocking release,
Evoking NA in the absence of stimulation,
Interacting with presynaptic receptors - a2 agonists/ antwgonists.

Question 31

Stuff that would affect NA store?

Answer 31

Reserpine, Mono amine oxidase A.

Question 32

Stuff that block NA release.

Answer 32

Guanethidine, bretylium.

Question 33

Evoke NA release in the absence of stimulation.

Answer 33

Tyramine, amphetamines, epihedrine.

Question 34

Inhibitors of MAO.

Answer 34

Increase NA store.