Nerve Plexuses (7a)

Question 1

what are nerve plexuses?

Answer 1

nerve roots coming off spinal cord

Question 2

nerve plexuses have these type of nerve roots:

Answer 2

dorsal and ventral roots

Question 3

what type of information do dorsal roots bring in? and where does that information come from? is it anterior or posterior?

Answer 3

they bring in afferent sensory information laterally from the arm

they bring in tactile sensory info. form the skin

they are posterior

Question 4

in what area does the information come through in dorsal roots?

Answer 4

it comes through the dorsal ramus (it is the outermost area)

Question 5

information in dorsal roots passes through the outermost area into the ________

Answer 5

dorsal root ganglion

Question 6

after the dorsal root ganglion, the information travels into the ________ or _______ in the spinal cord

Answer 6

dorsal root

dorsal horn

Question 7

ventral roots send _____ type of information (in or out) along the axon of the motor neuron

Answer 7

efferent messages / type of information

sends information out

Question 8

these two nerve roots have their information merging along the spinal cord

Answer 8

dorsal and ventral roots

Question 9

these types of nerves come out of the spinal column, giving us numbered nerves

Answer 9

spinal nerves

Question 10

spinal nerves split again into _________

Answer 10

dorsal and ventral rami

Question 11

what are ventral rami?

Answer 11

they send outgoing motor neuron messages to skeletal muscle and bring in sensory information

Question 12

these are the four types of nerve plexuses:

Answer 12

1. cervical plexus
2. brachial plexus
3. lumbar plexus
4. sacral plexus

Question 13

these are the nerves that make up the cervical plexus: (_____)

Answer 13

(C1 to C5)

1.lesser occipital nerve
2. greater auricular nerve
3. transverse cervical nerve
4. Ansa Cervicallis
5. phrenic nerve
6. supraclavicular nerve
7. nerve to rhomboids and serratus
8. cranial nerves

Question 14

what do nerves in the cervical plexus innervate?

Answer 14

muscle sin the neck and diaphragm

Question 15

these are the nerves that make up the brachial plexus? (______)

Answer 15

(C5 to T1)

1. axillary nerve
2. musculocutaneous nerve
3. radial nerve
4. ulnar nerve
5. median nerve

Question 16

what do nerves in the brachial plexus innervate?

Answer 16

muscles of the pectoral girdle and upper limbs

Question 17

these are the nerves that make up the lumbar plexus: (_____)

Answer 17

(T12 to L4)

1. iliohypogastric nerve
2. ilio-inguinal nerve
3. genitofemoral nerve
4. femoral nerve
5. obturator nerve
6. lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

Question 18

what does the lumbosacral nerves innervate?

Answer 18

muscles of the pelvic girdle and lower limbs

Question 19

what are the nerves that make up the sacral plexus? (______)

Answer 19

(L4 to S4)

1. superior gluteal nerve
2. inferior gluteal nerve
3. pudendal nerve
4. sciatic nerve

Question 20

where do nerve roots come out of the spine? through which openings?

Answer 20

intervertebral foramen

Question 21

what roots make up the cervical plexus?

Answer 21

roots C1to C5

Question 22

what type of nerve is the lesser occipital nerve ? sensory or motor? which plexus?

Answer 22

sensory only nerve

cervical plexus

Question 23

what type of information does the lesser occipital nerve recieve?

Answer 23

sensory only information from the skin of the neck

also the scalp posterior and superior to the ear

Question 24

where does the lesser occipital nerve originate?

Answer 24

C2

Question 25

what type of nerve is the ansa cervicallis (sensory or motor) and which plexus is this with?

Answer 25

motor only nerve cervical plexus

Question 26

where does the ansa cervicallis originate from ?

Answer 26

C1 to C3

Question 27

what innervation does the ansa cervicallis provide?

Answer 27

motor innervation to some laryngeal muscles 1. geniohyoid 2. thyrohyoid 3. omohyoid 4. sternohyoid 5. sternothyroid

Question 28

what is the most complex plexus?

Answer 28

brachial plexus this gives us segments due to its complexity

Question 29

what are the segments that make up the most complex plexus?

Answer 29

the brachial plexus is the most complex 1. trunks 2. divisions 3. cords 4. nerves

Question 30

what are another word for roots in regards to roots coming directly off the spinal cord? these roots make up all plexuses.

Answer 30

ventral rami

Question 31

what is the mnemonic to remember the brachial plexus segments?

Answer 31

Read the damn cadaver notes roots trunks divisions cords nerves

Question 32

the roots of the brachial plexus are:

Answer 32

C5 to T1

Question 33

how do the nerves project off the spinal cord for the brachial plexus?

Answer 33

projects laterally through the intervertebral foramen

Question 34

the trunks are divided into: name and (numbered spinal segment) and anatomical plane-wise

Answer 34

superior trunk (C5 to C6) middle trunk (C7) inferior trunk (C8 to T1) they divide into anterior and posterior divisions

Question 35

the divisions in the brachial plexus are divided in to these segments _________. they are on every _______.

Answer 35

anterior divisions and posterior divisions they are on every trunk in the brachial plexus

Question 36

all 3 posterior divisions of the trunks in the brachial plexus join to form _______

Answer 36

a posterior cord

Question 37

the anterior division of the _________ trunk creates the medial cord

Answer 37

inferior trunk

Question 38

the anterior division of the superior and middle trunk creates the

Answer 38

lateral cord

Question 39

the cords in the brachial plexus are divided into three different types of cords:

Answer 39

posterior cord medial cord lateral cord

Question 40

the posterior cord are formed by _______________ in the brachial plexus.

Answer 40

all three posterior divisions

Question 41

the medial cord in formed by the __________ in the brachial plexus

Answer 41

anterior division of the inferior trunk

Question 42

the later cord is formed by the ____________ in the brachial plexus

Answer 42

anterior division of the superior and middle trunk

Question 43

there are... __ Nerve Roots __ Trunks __ Divisions __ Cords (numbers)

Answer 43

6 nerve roots 3 trunks 6 divisions 3 cords

Question 44

the radial nerve gets contributions from ______ in the brachial plexus because ___________

Answer 44

gets contribution from all segments/roots within the brachial plexus because all posterior divisions come together to create the posterior cord

Question 45

the radial nerve is sorta the continuation of the _______ in the brachial plexus

Answer 45

posterior cord

Question 46

the median nerve gets contributions from the ______ in the brachial plexus

Answer 46

ventral rami

Question 47

all major brachial nerves provide _____ (sensory or motor) innervations in the arm

Answer 47

they provide BOTH sensory and motor innervations in the arm

Question 48

the clavicle sits _____ to the brachial plexus

Answer 48

superficially

Question 49

the passageway in the brachial plexus is called :

Answer 49

the thoracic outlet

Question 50

the first rib sits _______ to the brachial plexus where blood vessels pass through

Answer 50

deeper

Question 51

what is thoracic outlet syndrom?

Answer 51

impingement in this area that may compromise nerves/decrease their ability to functions can cause parastesia

Question 52

what is erb's. palsy?

Answer 52

the nerves at C5 and C6 get severed and can happen during childbirth

Question 53

what is radial nerve palsy

Answer 53

improper use of crutches can trigger this (compresses nerve around the armpit area) wrist dropping issue

Question 54

all major brachial nerves extend down to where?

Answer 54

they extend distally to the fingers

Question 55

all innervation of the __________ come from the brachial plexus

Answer 55

upper extremities

Question 56

the sciatic nerve splits in the the _____ region. it splits into ______

Answer 56

knee/popliteal region tibial nerve and fibular nerve

Question 57

the common fibular nerve is also called the

Answer 57

perineal nerve

Question 58

all nerves that branch from the common fibular nerve/perineal nerve innervate the _______

Answer 58

entire leg

Question 59

the sciatic nerve innervates the _____ and is the ______ nerve in the body.

Answer 59

entire leg, ankle, and foot. largest nerve in the body

Question 60

the superior gluteal nerve gets contributions form these rami/roots:

Answer 60

Rami L4 to S1

Question 61

the piriformis muscle is at the most ______ part of this nerve:

Answer 61

superior point of the sciatic nerve

Question 62

sciatica can be caused from this muscle impinging on the sciatic nerve. it creates parastesia

Answer 62

piriformis muscle

Question 63

what are dermatomes?

Answer 63

they are areas of the skin where sensation is supplied by a single nerve root

Question 64

what do dermatomes show us?

Answer 64

shows specific regions where sensation is supplied by a particular nerve root

Question 65

how do dermatomes show us information?

Answer 65

sensory information comes along the PNS into the CNS from the particular neve root

Question 66

define reflex

Answer 66

an immediate involuntary motor response

Question 67

what is a reflex arch

Answer 67

neural "wiring" of a single reflex that begins at a sensory receptor and ends at a peripheral effector

Question 68

hand on a thumbtack provides this type of stimulation. what are the steps proceeding this reaction.

Answer 68

noxious stimulation this stimulation activates a receptor it sends signal through dorsal horn/root into the spinal cord the interneuron sends message/excitation through to the motor neuron the impulse will be generated through the ventral horn to the ventral root. this is where the efferent motor output travels finally, the effector becomes activated (motor neuron activated, synapsing at neuromuscular junction/myoneural junction) this creates stimulus in the effector (activated effector) causes muscle contraction

Question 69

what are stretch reflexes?

Answer 69

muscle spindle fibers pick up on a stretching muscle. this activates a sensory receptor. they send signal through sensory neuron to CNS and follows the same path as a regular reflex.

Question 70

if no interneuron motor singlas are sent? the movement is _______ (voluntary or involuntary)

Answer 70

voluntary