Autonomic Nervous System (9)

Question 1

the autonomic nervous system is apart of the _________ nervous system. is functions outside of _______ awareness.

Answer 1

parasympathetic nervous system

outside of conscious awareness; they are not volitionally controlled

Question 2

the ANS is important for making routine ______________ . it regulates _______ and coordinates ___________ to maintain _______.

Answer 2

makes routine adjustments in our body’s systems

regulates visceral functions

maintains homestasis

Question 3

main goal of ANS is :

Answer 3

maintain homeostasis

Question 4

both of the divisions of the PNS, the ____ and the ____ have efferent/afferent neurons.

Answer 4

Somatic nervous system and ANS

Question 5

the ANS brings in sensory information (_______ neurons) from ___________

Answer 5

afferent neurons

from visceral organs

Question 6

the somatic nervous system bring sensory information (_____ neurons) from _____________________

Answer 6

afferent neurons

muscle spindles, golgi tendons, and different sensory organs that give info. about external enviroment

Question 7

the ANS has efferent axons that innervate ______, which is _____________ (voluntary or involuntary?)

Answer 7

innervates visceral organs
(smooth muscle, cardiac muscles, some glands and other structures)

involuntary

Question 8

ANS motor neurons (efferent neurons) have _______

Answer 8

ganglia

Question 9

somatic nervous system efferent axons innervate the ________. (voluntary or no?)

Answer 9

skeletal muscle

(voluntary)

Question 10

ganglia are _____________ in the PNS, specifically in the _________

Answer 10

ganglia are clusters of nerve bodies in the ANS

Question 11

afferent pathways for

1. ANS
2. somatic nervous system

Answer 11

1. ANS afferent pathways originate in visceral sensory receptors
   (they have sensory info. from the digestive system, cardiovascular system, etc.)
2. somatic nervous system afferent pathways originate in skeletal muscles, joints, and skin
   (special sensor-like muscle spindles in the joints called Golgi tendons)

Question 12

the ANS has these two subdivisions:

Answer 12

1. sympathetic division
2. parasympathetic division

Question 13

the sympathetic division of the ANS is also known as the ________ found in _________. it is most active during _______________________.

Answer 13

aka thorocolumbar division

found in T1 to L2

active during times of exertion, stress, or emergency

Question 14

the parasympathetic division in the ANS is also known as the ___________.

it gets innervations from ___________________.

Most active during _________.

Answer 14

craniosacral division

innervaitons from CN 3, 7, 9, 10 and S2 to S4

most active during resting conditions

Question 15

the pre-ganglion neurons in the sympathetic division are located in the _________ of _________.

the place of its location also has these types of signals:

Answer 15

located in the lateral horns of T1 to L2.

the lateral horns has visceral motor signals.

Question 16

the pre-ganglion neurons in the parasympathetic division are located in the ventral horns for ___________ type of signals

Answer 16

somatic/skeletal motor signals

Question 17

ganglia are ______________ located _______________

Answer 17

ganglia (chain ganglia) are long segments with bulbous areas located near the spinal cord

Question 18

the pre-ganglion neurons release ____________ to excite the chain ganglia in the sympathetic division

Answer 18

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 19

the post ganglia in the sympathetic division releases ________, and it is usually excitatory but it depends on receptor/target organs

Answer 19

norepinepherine

Question 20

the organs in the sympathetic division are:

Answer 20

the eyes (dilation of pupils)

cardiovascular center (excitation/activity here of increased heart rate and respiration)

detrucer muscle of the bladder (helps prevent release of urine during fight/flight)

Question 21

the pre-ganglion neurons in the parasympathetic division are longer because _____________________

Answer 21

the ganglia are not adjacent to the spinal cord

the ganglia are near the target organs instead

Question 22

the pre-ganglion neurons release ________________ in the parasympathetic division fibers originating from CN 3, 7,9, 10 or form S2 to S4.

Answer 22

ACh to excite the ganglia

Question 23

the post-ganglionic fibers releases _____________ in the parasympathetic division of the ANS

Answer 23

ACh, which is sympathetic to norepinephrine.

ACh is usually inhibitory, but it depends on the effector receptor

Question 24

the parasympathetic division is considered the “_________________” system. it has _______ (when eating), __________ (urine/excrement production), and reproductive organs function.

Answer 24

“rest and digest”

salivation when eating

digestive processes

Question 25

both the subdivisions of the ANS provide _____ and wants ________

Answer 25

provides balance wants homestasis

Question 26

the third, lesser known division, of the ANS called the _______________. there are neurons located alongside the ____ tract. many visceral reflexes are initiated by this system, but receives input from the both systems within the ANS.

Answer 26

Enteric Nervous System along digestive tract

Question 27

The enteric nervous system (ENS) receives _______ information from the ______ nerve.

Answer 27

afferent info. from the vagus nerve

Question 28

within the sympathetic division of the ANS, ganglionic neurons are located in these 3 separate areas near ___________:

Answer 28

1. sympathetic chain ganglia 2. collateral ganglia 3. adrenal medulla near the spinal cord

Question 29

the sympathetic chain ganglia are ______ and sends ____________

Answer 29

paired they send signals to effectors of visceral organs

Question 30

the collateral ganglia run to organs in the ___________ and are ________

Answer 30

organs in the abdominal/pelvic cavity unpaired

Question 31

the adrenal medulla are __________ of the body with ________ (type of innervation that makes it unique).

Answer 31

2 organs of the body no direct innervation, making it unique

Question 32

the adrenal medulla innervates/ affects other muscles how?

Answer 32

it releases hormones through the bloodstream to affect other organs such as smooth muscles cardiac muscles, glands, adipose tissue via nerve junctions

Question 33

the adrenal medulla releases neurotransmitters from the ______________. these hormones, _____________________, are good for the cardiovascular system.

Answer 33

anterior/medial aspect of the kidneys epi (adrenaline) NE (norepinephrine)

Question 34

effects of sympathetic nervous system:

Answer 34

increased alertness, consciousness, cardiovascular/respiratory activity, muscle tone mobilization of energy reserves and sense of euphoria/energy

Question 35

the ganglionic neurons located in the parasympathetic division is in the ________ ganglia within/adjacent to _________

Answer 35

peripheral ganglia target organs

Question 36

pre-ganglionic fibers leave the brain through these nerves

Answer 36

1. Oculomotor nerves (CN III) through the levator palabrae to lift the eyelids 2. Fascial Nerve (CN VII) controls tear/salivary glands 3. Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) salivary gland innervation 4. Vagus Nerve (CN X) 75% of all parasympathetic flow is digestive function, very important nerve it is also within the sacral region in the: sacral parasympathetic outflow since pre ganglionic fibers form distinct pelvic nerves

Question 37

effects of the parasympathetic stimulation:

Answer 37

constriction of the pupils secretion by digestive glands of hormones promoting nutrient absorption increased smooth muscle activity along digestive tract stimulation and coordination of defecation contraction of urinary bladder during urination reduction in heart rate and force of contraction constriction of the respiratory passageways sexual arousal

Question 38

the relationship between the sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division of the ANS are:

Answer 38

dual innervation having balance between both