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Nerve palsies in the limbs Flashcards

1
Q

Where can nerve palsies originate in the limbs?

A

Nerve roots
Brachial plexus
Peripheral nerves

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2
Q

What plexus supplies the upper limbs?

A

Brachial plexus

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3
Q

What plexus supplies the lower limbs?

A

Sacral and lumbar plexus

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4
Q

What are the peripheral nerves of the upper limbs?

A 
Axillary nerve
Radial nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
Ulnar nerve
Median nerve
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5
Q

What are the peripheral nerves of the lower limb?

A

Sciatic nerve
Femoral nerve
Common peroneal nerve
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

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6
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

The area of skin supplied by a spinal root

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7
Q

What dermatomes cover the upper limb?

A

C4-T2

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8
Q

What dermatomes cover the lower limb?

A

L1-S2

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9
Q

What is the myotome of the elbow flexors?

A

C5

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10
Q

What is the myotome for the wrist extensors?

A

C6

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11
Q

What is the myotome for the elbow extensors?

A

C7

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12
Q

What is the myotome for the finger Flexors?

A

C8

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13
Q

What is the myotome for the intrinsic hand muscles?

A

T1

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14
Q

What is the myotome for the hip flexors?

A

L2

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15
Q

What is the myotome for the knee extensors?

A

L3

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16
Q

What is the myotome for the ankle dorsiflexors?

A

L4

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17
Q

What is the myotome for the long toe extensors?

A

L5

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18
Q

What is the myotome for the ankle plantar flexors?

A

S1

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19
Q

What are palsies of the brachial plexus?

A

Erb’s palsy - C5-C6
Klumpke’s palsy - C8-T1
Total brachial plexus

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20
Q

What are palsies for the upper limb peripheral nerves?

A

Axillary nerve palsy -secondary to trauma
Radial nerve palsy - secondary to compression or entrapment
Median nerve - carpal tunnel syndrome
Ulnar nerve - Cubital tunnel syndrome

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21
Q

What causes Erb’s palsy?

A

Stretch of the brachial plexus during birth

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22
Q

What is the waiter’s tip position a sign of?

A

Erb’s palsy

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23
Q

What is waiter’s tip?

A

Shoulder is adducted
Elbow is extended and pronated
Wrist is flexed

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24
Q

What is affected in klumpke’s palsy?

A

Small muscles of the hand

25
What is the main presentation of Klumpke's palsy?
Claw hand
26
Which cord of the brachial plexus does the musculocutaneous nerve come from?
Lateral cord
27
What spinal roots make up the musculocutaneous nerve?
C5,6,7
28
What muscles are innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve?
Coracobrachialis Biceps brachi Brachialis
29
What nerve is the elbow joint supplied by?
Musculocutaneous nerve
30
What is Hilton's law?
A sensory nerve supplying a JOINT also supplies the MUSCLES moving the joint and the SKIN overlying the insertions of the muscles
31
What are the spinal roots of the axillary nerve?
C5,6
32
What muscles are supplied by the axillary nerve?
Deltoid | Teres minor
33
What trauma can cause axillary nerve palsy?
Shoulder dislocation | Fracture of surgical neck of humerus
34
What is clinical presentation of axillary nerve palsy?
Loss of sensation over badge area | Deltoid atrophy
35
What are the spinal roots of the radial nerve?
C5,6,7,8,T1
36
What can cause radial nerve palsy?
Entrapment | Compression
37
What do radial nerve palsy symptoms depend on?
The site of the lesion
38
What are symptoms of radial nerve palsy in the axilla?
Loss of elbow extension, wrist extension | Sensory changes in forearm and hand
39
What are symptoms of radial nerve palsy in the arm?
Loss of wrist extension and sensory loss
40
What are symptoms of radial nerve palsy in the forearm?
Loss of finger extension
41
What are symptoms of radial nerve palsy in the wrist?
Loss of sensation
42
What are the spinal roots of the median nerve?
C5,6,7,8,T1
43
What forms the carpal tunnel?
Floor - carpal bones | Roof - flexor retinaculum
44
What is found in the carpal tunnel?
Flexor digitorum superficialis x4 Flexor digitorum profundis x4 Flexor pollicis longus Median nerve
45
What can cause carpal tunnel syndrome?
``` Developmental Trauma Swellings Inflammatory Metabolic ```
46
What are clinical features of carpal tunnel syndrome?
Nocturnal pain Paraesthesia in part or all of median nerve distribution Wasting of thenar muscles
47
What are nerve roots of the ulnar nerve?
C8,T1
48
What is the cubital tunnel?
Between medial epicondyle and olecranon with fascial bands as roof
49
What are symptoms of cubital tunnel syndrome?
Numbness on ulnar side of hand Difficulty with fine tasks Wasting of muscles in first webspace with hypothenar wasting
50
What is the main nerve of the sacral plexus?
Sciatic nerve
51
What are the branches of the sciatic nerve?
Common peroneal nerve | Tibial nerve
52
What is the main nerve of the lumbar plexus?
Femoral nerve
53
What muscles are supplied by the superior gluteal nerve?
Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Tensor faciae latae
54
What muscle is supplied by the inferior gluteal nerve?
Gluteus maximus
55
What parts of the lower limb are supplied by the sciatic nerve?
Posterior thigh Leg Foot
56
What are spinal roots of the sciatic nerve?
L4,5,S1,2,3
57
What is the common peroneal nerve?
Branch of the sciatic nerve Divides into the deep peroneal nerve and superficial peroneal nerve Deep peroneal nerve supplies anterier compartment of leg Superficial peroneal nerve supplies lateral compartment of leg
58
What are the main branches of the lumbar plexus?
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve Femoral nerve Obturator nerve

MSK (30 decks)

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