Children's orthopaedics Flashcards
What is developmental dysplasia of the hip?
Child is born with a hip dislocation
What is the most common side for developmental dysplasia of the hip?
Left side
What pregnancy factors can increase risk of developmental dysplasia of the hip?
First born Oligohydramnios Breech presentation Family history Other lower limb deformities
What are clinical features of developmental dysplasia of the hip?
Ortolani’s sign
Barlow’s sign
Piston motion sign
What is Ortolani’s sign?
The palpable sensation of the femoral head slipping into the acetabulum
What is Barlow’s sign?
Adducting the hip while applying pressure on the knee to cause posterior force - if this causes dislocation sign is positive
Is development dysplasia of the hip more common in boys or girls?
Girls - 6:1
What are features of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease?
Primary school age Short stature Limp Knee pain on exercise Stiff hip joint Systematically well
What are the phases of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease?
Avascular necrosis
Fragmentation - revascularisation
Reossification - bony healing
Residual deformity
What are differential diagnoses for unilateral Legg-Calve-Perthes disease?
Septic hip
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Lymphoma
What are differential diagnoses for bilateral Legg-Calves-Perthes disease?
Hypothyroid
Sickle cell disease
Epiphyseal dysplasia
How is Legg-Calves-Perthes managed?
Maintain hip motion
Analgesia
Restrict painful activities
Containment
What is SUFE?
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
What age is SUFE common?
9-14 years
When is SUFE considered chronic?
After 3 weeks
