Nerve palsies Flashcards

1
Q

Presentation of common peroneal nerve palsy

A

FOOT DROP
-weakness of foot dorsiflexion
-weakness of foot eversion
-weakness of extensor hallucis longus
-sensory loss over the dorsum of the foot and lower lateral part of the leg
-wasting of the anterior tibial and peroneal muscles

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2
Q

what injury commonly causes common peroneal nerve palsy

A

injury to the neck of the fibula

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3
Q

What are some risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome

A

obesity
pregnancy
hypothyroidism

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4
Q

how does carpal tunnel syndrome present?

A

pain and numbness in the lateral 3.5 fingers
wasting of the thenar eminence
symptoms are worse at night

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5
Q

what two tests can be done for carpal tunnel syndrome

A

phalens test
tinels test

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6
Q

what nerve is damaged in cubital tunnel syndrome

A

ulnar nerve

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7
Q

how does cubital tunnel syndrome (ulnar nerve palsy) present?

A
  • claw hand
  • numbness and tingling in the medial 1.5 fingers
  • hand weakness due to wasting of the intrinsic hand muscles and hypothenar eminence
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8
Q

What is another name for radial nerve pasly

A

saturday night palsy

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9
Q

what can cause saturday night palsy (radial nerver damage)

A

compression to the axilla- crutches, sleeping with arm over chair

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10
Q

how does radial nerve palsy present?

A

wrist drop
loss of sensation in the dorsal aspect of the hand

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11
Q

what can cause axillary nerve mononeuropathy?

A

shoulder dislocation, proximal humerus fracture

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12
Q

how does axillary nerve injury present?

A

weakness in shoulder abduction
sensory loss over the deltoid area

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13
Q

how does tibial nerve palsy mononeuropathy present?

A

burning pain and numbness over the sole of the foot

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14
Q

what does damage to the long thoracic nerve cause?

A

scapula winging

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15
Q

What does damage to the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve cause and what can cause it

A

causes- obesity, tight clothing, pregnancy
presentation- numbness and tingling over the anterolateral thigh

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16
Q

How would a C5 radiculopathy present?

A

weakness in shoulder abduction
sensory loss over lateral arm (deltoid area)
loss of the brachial reflex

17
Q

how would a C6 radiculopathy present?

A

weakness in elbow flexion and wrist extension
sensory loss over the lateral forearm, thumb and index finger
diminised brachioradialis reflex

18
Q

how would C7 radiculopathy present?

A

weakness in elbow extension and wrist flexion
sensory loss over the middle finger
diminished triceps reflex

19
Q

What nerve root supplies the nipple?

20
Q

what nerve root supplies the umbilicus

21
Q

How would a T1 radiculopathy present?

A

weakness in finger adduction and abduction
sensory loss over medial arm and elbow area

22
Q

how would an L4 radiculopathy present?

A

weakness in knee extension
sensory loss over the anterior thigh and medial shin
diminished patellar reflex

23
Q

how would an L5 radiculopathy present?

A

weak dorsiflexion (foot drop), toe extension and foot inversion
sensory loss over the lateral thigh, lateral calf and dorsum of the foot

24
Q

how would an S1 radiculopathy present?

A

weakness in plantar flexion and toe flexion
sensory loss over posterior calf, lateral foot and sole of foot
loss of archilles tendon reflex

25
How does cauda equina present ?
lower back pain bilateral radicular pain saddle anaesthesia bowel and bladder disturbance
26
causes of cauda equina
lumbar disc herniation neoplasms abscesses iatrogenic
27
investigation of cauda equina
whole spine MRI
28
management of cauda equina
surgical decompression within 48 hours dexamethasone can be given if suspected neoplasia
29
What spinal levels of disc herniation commonly cause cauda equina?
L4-L5 and L5-S1
30
first line management of lower back pain?
NSAIDS and PPI
31