Nerve cells (neuroglia) Flashcards
What are the 4 CNS neuroglia?
ependymal
oligodendrocytes
astrocytes
microglia
What are the 2 PNS neuroglia?
Satellite cells
Schwann cells
What are glial cells?
Ensure optimal function and protection of neurons
What is the function of astrocytes?
Provide structural and metabolic support to neurons
- Nutrient supply
- Neurotransmitter recycling - clear excess NTs from the synaptic cleft prevent excitotoxicity
- BBB support form and maintain BBB
- Homeostasis - regulate extracellular ion concentrations esp K
What are the main types of astrocytes?
Protoplasmic
Fibrous
What is the function of protoplasmic astrocytes? where are they found?
found in grey matter
interact extensively with synapses and support neuronal function
What is the function of fibrous astrocytes and where are they found?
Found in white matter
Structural integrity and repair
What is the function of oligodendrocyte?
Produce myelin sheaths in the CNS
How do oligodendrocytes differ from Schwann cells?
Schwann cells produce myelin in the PNS
Where are ependymal cells found?
Lining of the brain’s ventricular system and the central canal of the spinal cord
What are the functions of ependymal cells
Aid in circulation of CSF as cilia beat in coordinated waves
Regulate movement of water, ions and solutes between brain tissue and CSF
Produce CSF (modified ependymal cells)
What system produces CSF
Choroid plexus
What are the functions of microglia
Immune cells
Phagocytosis
Immune surveillance
Synaptic pruning - remove unnecessary synapses
What happens to microglia in pathological states?
become overactivated contributing to inflammation and neuronal damage
