Hypothalamus

Question 1

Where does it sit?

Answer 1

Below thalamus and surrounds the lower portion of the third ventricle

Question 2

What is the function of the suprachiasmatic nuclei?What does a lesion cause?

Answer 2

circadian rhythm
Sleep rhythm disorder

Question 3

What is the function of the preoptic nuclei?
What does a lesion cause?

Answer 3

1. Secretes GnRH to stimulate LH and FSH in the anterior pituitary, endocrine regulation of sexual behaviour and thermoregulation
2. Before puberty - arrested sexual development
   After puberty - amenorrhoea or impotence

Question 4

What is the function of the supraoptic nuclei?
What does a lesion cause?

Answer 4

Produces oxytocin and ADH
Lesion - diabetes insipidus

Question 5

What is the function of the paraventricular nuclei? What does a lesion cause?

Answer 5

Regulates secretion of oxytocin and ADH, secretes corticotropin-releasing hormone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Lesion - diabetes insipidus

Question 6

What does the anterior nuclei do?
What does a lesion cause?

Answer 6

Regulates parasympathetics to keep cool
Lesion - hyperthermia

Question 7

What does the posterior nuclei do and what does a lesion cause?

Answer 7

Regulates sympathetics to keep warm
Lesion - hypothermia

Question 8

What does the arcuate nuclei do? WHat do lesions cause?

Answer 8

Release dopamine, GnRH to the anterior pituitary, body weight regulation (stimulates appetite and sensitive to leptin)
Lesion causes galactorrhoea and amenorrhoea

Question 9

What does the dorsomedial nuclei do? What does stimulation cause

Answer 9

Body weight regulation - stimulates appetite and sensitive to leptin
Emotion - rage
Libido
Circadian activity
Stimulation causes obesity and savage behaviour

Question 10

What does the ventromedial nuclei do?
What does a lesion cause?

Answer 10

Body weigh regulation
Sexual behaviour
Insulin regulation
Lesions - hyperphagia

Question 11

What does the lateral hypothalamus do? What does stimulation and a lesion of it cause?

Answer 11

Body weight regulation
Stimulation - increased appetite
Lesions - anorexia

Question 12

Where does the suprachiasmatic nucleus receive input from?

Answer 12

retina

Question 13

WHat nuclei control body temperature?

Answer 13

Preoptic
Anterior
Posterior

Question 14

What inhibits prolactin secretion?

Answer 14

Dopamine

Question 15

What medications result in hyperprolactinaemia ?

Answer 15

dopamine antagonists - antipsychotics

Question 16

what medications inhibit prolactin secretion?

Answer 16

Dopamine agonists e.g. bromocriptine