Brain anatomy and lesions

Question 1

What is the function of the frontal lobe

Answer 1

Primary motor cortex involved in complex learning

Question 2

What is the function of the parietal lobe

Answer 2

Primary sensory cortex
Involved in language acquisition

Question 3

What is the function of the occipital lobe

Answer 3

Processes visual info and is related to our understanding of the written word

Question 4

What is the function of the temporal lobe

Answer 4

Processes information associated with hearing and equilibrium

Question 5

What is the function of the insula

Answer 5

region of the cerebrum deep within the lateral sulcus processes info associated with hearing and equilibrium

Question 6

What is the function of the corpus callosum?

Answer 6

connects two hemispheres of the cerebrum

Question 7

What is the fornix and its function

Answer 7

Bridge of white matter inferior to the corpus callosum linking regions of the limbic system together

Question 8

What is the anterior commissure and its function

Answer 8

bridge of white fibres found near the anterior tip of the corpus callosum connecting the two hemispheres of the cerebrum

Question 9

What is the striatum made up of?

Answer 9

putamen
caudate nucleus
nucleus accumbens

Question 10

What is the function of the striatum

Answer 10

Input nuclei, control and regulate activities of the motor and premotor cortical areas so that voluntary movements can be performed smoothly.
Eye movement
Reward seeking
Learning
Pleasurable effects of substance misuse

Question 11

What system is the striatum part of

Answer 11

basal ganglia

Question 12

What system is the hippocampus part of

Answer 12

limbic system

Question 13

What is the function of the hippocampus ?

Answer 13

memory
early memory storage
formation of long term memory
spatial navigation

Question 14

Which lobes are the amygdala found

Answer 14

medial temporal lobe

Question 15

What is the amygdala function

Answer 15

processing emotion
determines emotional relevance of stimuli
involved in consolidation of memories which have a strong emotional component

Question 16

What structure makes up 80% of the diencephalon

Answer 16

thalamus

Question 17

What sensory input is not relayed through the thalamus?

Answer 17

olfactory

Question 18

WHat structures make up the diencephalon?

Answer 18

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Pineal gland
Mamillary body

Question 19

What is the function of the thalamus

Answer 19

major relay point and processing centre for all sensory impulses

Question 20

What are the main functions of the hypothalamus?

Answer 20

homeostasis
hormone release

Question 21

What is the function of the pineal gland?

Answer 21

secretes melatonin

Question 22

What is the function of the mamillary body

Answer 22

involved in memory
contain cells which note the direction of the head

Question 23

What is the function of the vermis?

Answer 23

associated w bodily posture and locomotion

Question 24

what are folia

Answer 24

Pleat like gyri on the surface of the cerebellum

Question 25

What is the arbor vitae

Answer 25

cerebellar white matter

Question 26

How many cerebellar peduncles are there?

Answer 26

3

Question 27

What structures make up the substantia nigra?

Answer 27

pars compacta and pars reticulate

Question 28

What is the function of the substantia nigra

Answer 28

ensures movements run smoothly eye movement reward seeking pleasurable effects of substance misuse learning

Question 29

What does the pars compacta do

Answer 29

supplies striatum with dopamine

Question 30

What does the pars reticulata do

Answer 30

conveys signals from the basal ganglia to other structures

Question 31

What features occur with lesions of the dominant parietal lobe

Answer 31

Gerstmanns syndrome language disorders alexia anomia impaired writing and mathematics

Question 32

What features occur with lesions of the non-dominant parietal lobe

Answer 32

spatial disorientation hemispatial neglect constructional apraxia dressing apraxia

Question 33

What features occur with lesions of the dominant temporal lobe

Answer 33

Wernickes aphasia memory difficulties - verbal and understanding language based info auditory verbal agnosia - difficulty recognising spoken words

Question 34

What features occur with lesions of thenon-dominant temporal lobe

Answer 34

impaired recognition of non-verbal sounds e.g. music emotional recognition issues visual memory deficits e.g. faces, places

Question 35

What features occur with lesions of the dominant frontal lobe

Answer 35

- hemiparesis - Broca's aphasia - executive dysfunction - impaired working memory - mood changes - motor apraxia

Question 36

What features occur with lesions of the non-dominant frontal lobe

Answer 36

hemiparesis spatial attention deficits disinhibition poor judgement of time and sequence expressive deficits in non-verbal communication prosody changes - problems with rhythm and inflection of speech