Brain anatomy and lesions Flashcards
What is the function of the frontal lobe
Primary motor cortex involved in complex learning
What is the function of the parietal lobe
Primary sensory cortex
Involved in language acquisition
What is the function of the occipital lobe
Processes visual info and is related to our understanding of the written word
What is the function of the temporal lobe
Processes information associated with hearing and equilibrium
What is the function of the insula
region of the cerebrum deep within the lateral sulcus processes info associated with hearing and equilibrium
What is the function of the corpus callosum?
connects two hemispheres of the cerebrum
What is the fornix and its function
Bridge of white matter inferior to the corpus callosum linking regions of the limbic system together
What is the anterior commissure and its function
bridge of white fibres found near the anterior tip of the corpus callosum connecting the two hemispheres of the cerebrum
What is the striatum made up of?
putamen
caudate nucleus
nucleus accumbens
What is the function of the striatum
Input nuclei, control and regulate activities of the motor and premotor cortical areas so that voluntary movements can be performed smoothly.
Eye movement
Reward seeking
Learning
Pleasurable effects of substance misuse
What system is the striatum part of
basal ganglia
What system is the hippocampus part of
limbic system
What is the function of the hippocampus ?
memory
early memory storage
formation of long term memory
spatial navigation
Which lobes are the amygdala found
medial temporal lobe
What is the amygdala function
processing emotion
determines emotional relevance of stimuli
involved in consolidation of memories which have a strong emotional component
What structure makes up 80% of the diencephalon
thalamus
What sensory input is not relayed through the thalamus?
olfactory
WHat structures make up the diencephalon?
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Pineal gland
Mamillary body
What is the function of the thalamus
major relay point and processing centre for all sensory impulses
What are the main functions of the hypothalamus?
homeostasis
hormone release
What is the function of the pineal gland?
secretes melatonin
What is the function of the mamillary body
involved in memory
contain cells which note the direction of the head
What is the function of the vermis?
associated w bodily posture and locomotion
what are folia
Pleat like gyri on the surface of the cerebellum
What is the arbor vitae
cerebellar white matter
How many cerebellar peduncles are there?
3
What structures make up the substantia nigra?
pars compacta and pars reticulate
What is the function of the substantia nigra
ensures movements run smoothly
eye movement
reward seeking
pleasurable effects of substance misuse
learning
What does the pars compacta do
supplies striatum with dopamine
What does the pars reticulata do
conveys signals from the basal ganglia to other structures
What features occur with lesions of the dominant parietal lobe
Gerstmanns syndrome
language disorders
alexia
anomia
impaired writing and mathematics
What features occur with lesions of the non-dominant parietal lobe
spatial disorientation
hemispatial neglect
constructional apraxia
dressing apraxia
What features occur with lesions of the dominant temporal lobe
Wernickes aphasia
memory difficulties - verbal and understanding language based info
auditory verbal agnosia - difficulty recognising spoken words
What features occur with lesions of thenon-dominant temporal lobe
impaired recognition of non-verbal sounds e.g. music
emotional recognition issues
visual memory deficits e.g. faces, places
What features occur with lesions of the dominant frontal lobe
- hemiparesis
- Broca’s aphasia
- executive dysfunction
- impaired working memory
- mood changes
- motor apraxia
What features occur with lesions of the non-dominant frontal lobe
hemiparesis
spatial attention deficits
disinhibition
poor judgement of time and sequence
expressive deficits in non-verbal communication
prosody changes - problems with rhythm and inflection of speech
