Nerve

Question 1

Functional junction between 2/more neurons

Answer 1

Synapses

Question 2

Consist of presynaptic neurons + postsynaptic neuron

Answer 2

Synapses

Question 3

Characteristics of electrical synapses

Answer 3

-Gap junctions
-Makes functioning as a syncytium possible
Metabolic signals
-Found in cardiac and many types of smooth muscle
-Found in neural circuits such as arousal from sleep,emotions and memory
-Currently accepted as a complimentary form of communication

Question 4

Areas of low resistance thar allows ionic flow of local current between adjacent cells via connexons in cell membrane

Answer 4

Gap junctions

Question 5

Functional groups if neurons that integrate incoming information with an output

Answer 5

Neural pools

Question 6

3 examples of how circuits can be configured

Answer 6

Convergent
Divergent
Reverberating

Question 7

Stimulation of a single presynaptic neuron from multiple inputs, resulting in either strong stimulation or inhibition

Answer 7

Convergent

Question 8

One incoming fiber stimulates ever increasing number of fibers, often amplifying circuits

Answer 8

Divergent

Question 9

Are high divergence ratios possible with electrical synapses

Answer 9

No

Question 10

Chain of neurons containing collateral synapses with previous neurons in the chain

Answer 10

Reverberating

Where synaptic delay is ~0.5ms

Question 11

Auto receptors on surface of presynaptic neuron?

Answer 11

Provide negative feedback of the transduction process

Question 12

Criterion used to identify neurotransmitter?

Answer 12

Present in appreciable concentration+ presence of enzymes for it’s synthesis
Chemically identified
Application on postsynaptic cell must mimic presynaptic stimulation
Response must be blocked in a dose dependent manner by an antagonist
Evidence of an enzyme system for degration

Question 13

Major Neurotransmitters in the body

Answer 13

Dopamine the neurotransmitter that produces feeling of pleasure when released by the brain
Acetylcholine transmitter used by spinal cord neurons to control muscles and by many neurons in the brain to regulate memory
GABA major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
Glutamine the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain
Glycine a neurotransmitter used mainly by neurons in the spinal cord
Norepinephrine acts as a neurotransmitter and a hormone.

Question 14

2 categories of receptors

Answer 14

Ionotropic receptor- channel linked
5 large protein complexes form ionic pores in membrane( amino acids sequence ‘controls’ the type of ion that moves through the pore)

Metabotropic receptors(G protein linked)
Smaller domain single polypeptide comprising 7 alpha helices)