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Physiology > Muscle > Flashcards

Muscle Flashcards

Functions,structures

1
Q

Functions of muscle tissues

A 
To produce force 
Cause emotion 
Heat generation 
Locomotion/movement
Joint stabilization
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2
Q

Types of muscle tissues?

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

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3
Q

Location of Smooth muscles

A

Inner linings of organs

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4
Q

Location of skeletal

A

Attached to bones

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5
Q

Location of Cardiac muscles

A

In the heart

Longest group of cells

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6
Q

Structure of skeletal

A 
Long 
Cylindrical 
Multinucleated
Striated
Peripherally placed nuclei
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7
Q

Functions of skeletal

A

Voluntary actions
Locomotion
Facial expressions

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8
Q

Structure of cardiac muscle

A

Striated
Elongated
Unicleated cells and branched
Intercalated discs

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9
Q

Structure of smooth muscle

A 
Spindle shaped 
Central nuclei
Unstriated
Arranged closely
Irregularly arranged
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10
Q

Aim of contractility characteristics?

A

To shorten

Because shortening generates pulling strength

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11
Q

What does excitability characteristics do?

A

Nerve fibers causes electrical impulses to travel

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12
Q

What does it mean for the characteristics of extensibility?

A

Stretch with contraction of an opposing muscle

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13
Q

What does elasticity characteristics mean?

A

The muscle recoils passively after being stretched

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14
Q

Contraction of skeletal muscle?

A

Quick and vigorous

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15
Q

Contraction of cardiac?

A

Vigorous and rhythmic

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16
Q

Contraction of smooth m?

A

Slow and long lasting

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17
Q

The membrane that covers nerve fibres?

A

Endomysium

18
Q

Grouped fibers?

A

Fassicles

19
Q

The membrane that covers flassices?

A

Perimysium

20
Q

The membrane that covers the muscle?

A

Epimysium

21
Q

Skeletal fibers can be deferentiate into?

A

Red fibers and white/intermediate fibers

22
Q

Diameter and mitochondria of white and red fibers?

A

Red fibers:
Small diameter
More mitochondria

white fibers:
Large diameter
Less mitochondria

23
Q

Red fibers make up which muscles?

A

Slow-twitch muscles for endurance

23
Q

Red fibers make up which muscles?

A

Slow-twitch muscles for endurance

24
Q

White fibers make up which muscles?

A

Fast-twitch muscle(burst of power)!

25
Q

Which fibers are more resistant to fatigue?

A

Red fibers

26
Q

Which fibers have more myoglobin?

A

Red fibers

27
Q

Which fibers store glycogen and use anaerobic metabolism?

A

White fibers

28
Q

Which muscle have 1 or 2 centrally placed nuclei?

A

Cardiac muscle

29
Q

How are T tubules in a cardiac muscle?

A

They are 2X larger in diameter than in skeletal muscle

30
Q

Function of T tubules?

A

Transport Calcium ions into fibers

31
Q

Describe fibers in cardiac muscle

A

Branched with Intercalated discs

32
Q

The muscle fiber is known as?

A

Myocyte

33
Q

A longitudinal bundle of myofilamenfs within a muscle Cell?

A

Myofibrils

34
Q

Which type of muscles contain actin and myosin

A

All of them

35
Q

Myofilaments is made up of what?

A

3 types of filaments
Myosin-thick
Actin-Thin
Titin-Elastic

36
Q

Which muscles have sarcomeres?

A

The striated ones..

Cardiac and skeletal muscles

37
Q

What is a sarcomeres?

A

Segment that runs from Z line to Z line

38
Q

Characteristics of smooth muscle

A

Cells are spindle shaped with central nucleus
Not striated
Contain more actin than myosin
No sarcomeres
Prominent presence of dense bodies instead of Z disks

39
Q

Mechanism of smooth muscle contraction

A

Intracellular calcium ions concentrations increase when Calcium enters the cell and release from sarcoplasmic reticulum
Calcium ions bonds to calmodulin
The calcium ions-calmodulin activates MLCK
MLCK phosphorylates light chains in myosin heads and increases myosin ATPase activity
Active myosin crossvridges side along chain and create muscle tension

40
Q

The relaxation mechanisms of muscle tissues

A

free calcium ions in cytosol decreases when Calcium is pumped out of the cell or back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Calcium ions unbinds from calmodium
Myosin phosphatase removes phosphate from myosin which decreases myosin ATPase activity
Less myosin ATPase results in decreased muscle tension

41
Q

Myosin ATPase activity in different muscles

A

Faster in skeletal
Slowest in smooth
Intermediate in cardiac

Physiology (7 decks)

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