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Physiology > Bone > Flashcards

Bone Flashcards

1
Q

2 types of bones?

A

Compact

Spongy/cancellous

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2
Q

Functions of bones

A

Provides internal supports
Protects vital organs
Encloses the blood element in bone marrow
Provides a reservoir of ionic calcium for metabolic processes

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3
Q

What is the bone composition?

A

35% of protein/matrix
65% mineral salts
Other is Small amount of water

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4
Q

What is osteogenic cell?

A

Develops into osteoblast

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5
Q

What does osteoblast do?

A

Forms bone tissue

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6
Q

What does osteocyte do?

A

Maintains bone tissue

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7
Q

What does osteoclast do?

A

It function in resorption

Involved in destruction of matrix

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8
Q

Undergoes mitotic division and deferentiate into osteoblast?

A

Osteoprogenitor cell=mesenchymal stem cell

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9
Q

The synthesis of organic components of bone matrix?

A

Osteoid

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10
Q

The spaces where Condrocyte reside In?

A

Lacunae

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11
Q

Which substance in the bones is responsible for cellular duties(Exchange of nutrients n waste with blood)?

A

Canaliculi

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12
Q

Osteoclasts?

A

It is motile and multinucleated

They are derived from blood monocytes

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13
Q

Osteoclasts in contact with bone is divided into which 2 regions?

A

Ruffle border

Clear zone

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14
Q

What is ruffle border?

A

Portion that is directly involved in resorption of bone

Containing infoldings of the plasma membrane which increases surface area

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15
Q

What is clear zone?

A

It is where the osteoclasts attaches/adheres to bone matrix

Surrounds the periphery of ruffled border

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16
Q

What happens in bone remodelling?

A

The enzymes(lysosomal) are released by exocytosis and degrade the organic components of bone

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17
Q

The long shaft of bone?

A

Diaphysis (found in the middle)

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18
Q

Ends of bone?

A

Epiphysis(distal and proximal)

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19
Q

Growth plate?

A

Epiphyseal plate

20
Q

What do we find between epiphysis and diphysis?

A

Metaphysis

21
Q

What covers epiphysis

A

Articular cartilage

22
Q

What is the bone covering?

A

Periosteum

And it is pain sensitive

23
Q

The thin layer lining the medullary cavity?

A

Endosteum

24
Q

Hollow cavity in bone?

A

Medullary cavity

25
Q

Types of medullary cavity?

A

Yellow marrow-adipose

Red marrow-ptoduces red blood cells

26
Q

What attaches the periosteum to underlying bone?

A

Sharpey’s fibers

27
Q

What is a compact bone?

A

An external layer of bone

Also called lamellar bone

28
Q

Groups of elongated tubules?

A

Lamella

29
Q

Functions of compact bone?

A 
Protection and support
Helps long bones resist stress of weight 
Tensile strength(not to be stretched apart)
30
Q

What are osteons?

A

Also called haversian systems

Arrangements of compact bone

31
Q

Concentric layers of osteons?

A

Lamellae

32
Q

Canal that is surrounded by lamellae that consist of blood vessels and nerves ?

A

Haversian canal

33
Q

Parallel arrangement to the surface?

A

Circumferential lamellae

34
Q

Parallel arrangement to the surface?

A

Circumferential lamellae

35
Q

Osteons are connected to each other And periosteum by what?

A

Volkman’s canals

36
Q

Communication by osteocyte is through?

A

Canaliculi

37
Q

What is a spongy bone?

A

It Makes up epiphysis
Found in hips,ribs,sternum
No true osteons

38
Q

Loosely organized lamellae rings with osteocyte?

A

Trabeculae

39
Q

What is a woven bone?

A

Haphazard organisation of collagen fibres
It is a disease
When osteoblast produce osteoid rapidly

40
Q

What is a woven bone?

A

Haphazard organisation of collagen fibres
It is a disease
When osteoblast produce osteoid rapidly

41
Q

What is a woven bone?

A

Haphazard organisation of collagen fibres
It is a disease
When osteoblast produce osteoid rapidly

42
Q

Bone formation is called?

A

Ossification or Osteogenesis

Begins around 6th-7th week of embryonic life

43
Q

Types of ossification ?

A

Intramembraneous ossification-Within CT membranes

Endochondral ossification- from hyaline cartilage

44
Q

Stages of repair

A

Formation of fracture hematoma
Fibrocartilage callus formation
Bony callus formation
Bone remodelling

45
Q

Stages of repair

A

Formation of fracture hematoma
Fibrocartilage callus formation
Bony callus formation
Bone remodelling

46
Q

What is hematoma?

A

An abnormal collection of blood outside of a blood vessel

Physiology (7 decks)

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