NERURO/ EENT

Question 1

What does the frontal lobe control?

Answer 1

Problem solving, emotional traits, reasoning/judgement, speaking and voluntary motor activity

Question 2

What does the parietal lobe control?

Answer 2

Knowing right from left, sensation, reading, body orientation

Question 3

Which cranial nerve involves the whisper test?

Answer 3

CN VIII (vestibulocochlear)

Question 4

Which lobe of the brain controls memory, behavior and language?

Answer 4

temporal

Question 5

A patient was in a car accident and is experiencing loss of vision and disrupted colour perception. What lobe is likely affected?

Answer 5

occipital

Question 6

A loss of balance and control and voluntary movements may indicate injury to what?

Answer 6

cerebellum

Question 7

An injury to the ________ may affect swallowing, breathing and digestion

Answer 7

brain stem

Question 8

What is Wernicke’s area?

Answer 8

Area in temporal lobe associated with language comprehension

If damaged will cause ‘Receptive Aphasia’

Person hears language but sounds like foreign language

Question 9

What is expressive aphasia?

Answer 9

cause a person to know what they want to say and understand but it comes out garbled
*damage to Broca’s area

Question 10

How to rate deep tendon reflexes?

Answer 10

4+ very brisk, hyperactive
3+ brisker than average, may indicate disease
2+ average, normal
1 + diminished, low normal
0 no response (lower motor neuron disease)

Question 11

What are dermatomes?

Answer 11

Sensory nerves give sensation to the skin; exist for each spinal nerve

Question 12

Testing sense of smell in those who report loss of smell, head trauma, abnormal mental status, presence of intracranial lesion is suspected may have damage to which cranial nerve?

Answer 12

CN I; presence of intracranial lesion is suspected; not routinely tested

Question 13

Using an ophthalmoscope to examine ocular fundus to determine size, shape, colour of optic disc is testing which cranial nerve?

Answer 13

CN II (optic); confrontation

Question 14

Getting a patient to stick out their tongue and say “light, tight, dynamite” is testing which cranial nerve?

Answer 14

CN XII (12;hypoglossal)

Question 15

CN V (trigeminal) test which two functions?

Answer 15

motor and sensory

Question 16

Which structure serves as the relay station for the nervous system?

Answer 16

thalamus

Question 17

Where does the spinal cord run from?

Answer 17

medulla to L1/L2 (2/3 of vertebral canal)

Question 18

Which cranial nerves assess for nystagmus and pupil size?

Answer 18

Cranial nerves III, IV, VI (3; oculomotor, 4; trochlear, 6; abducens)

Question 19

Palpating the temporal and masseter muscles as pt cliches teeth then trying to seperate jaw is assesing what?

Answer 19

motor function of cranial nerve V (5; trigeminal)

Question 20

How do we assess CN VII (facial)?

Answer 20

Motor function: note mobility and facial symmetry as pt responds to these requests:
Smile
Frown
Close eyes tightly
Lift eyebrows
Show teeth
Puff cheeks

Question 21

Why does the cerebral cortex look like grey matter?

Answer 21

lacks myelin

Question 22

Check strength of neck muscles by asking pt to rotate head forcibly against resistance at side of chin. Ask pt to shrug against resistance. Both sides should feel equally strong- what nerve are we assessing?

Answer 22

Cranial nerve XI (spinal accessory nerve):

Question 23

Your patient only opens their eyes in response to pain, has no response to verbal commands and displays inappropriate speech. Where do they lie on the GCS?

Answer 23

6

Question 24

What is myopia?

Answer 24

Nearsightedness – distant objects appear blurred

Question 25

PERRLA stands for Pupils Equal, Round, Reactive to Light and ________.

Answer 25

Accommodation

Question 26

What are the three assessment areas on the Glasgow Coma Scale?

Answer 26

Eye opening response, motor response, verbal response

Question 27

Which of the following is not part of the external ear? A) Auricle B) Cochlea C) External auditory canal D) Tympanic membrane

Answer 27

B) Cochlea

Question 28

What condition is caused by damage to the optic nerve?

Answer 28

B) Glaucoma

Question 29

In the visual pathway, light hits the retina and signals are sent through the ________.

Answer 29

Optic nerve

Question 30

What is Hyperopia?

Answer 30

Farsightedness – can see distant objects better

Question 31

The Snellen chart is used to assess ________ visual acuity.

Answer 31

Central

Question 32

Which area of the brain controls - Motor/sensory tracts - Dopamine production - CN III, IV

Answer 32

midbrain

Question 33

A person who suffered a head injury and now has trouble breathing may have damaged their ____.

Answer 33

pons

Question 34

This structure regulates Temp, HR, BP, Sleep cycles, Pituitary gland (hormones), ANS and Emotional state.

Answer 34

hypothalamus

Question 35

List all 12 cranial nerves in order

Answer 35

Olfactory Optic Oculomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducens Facial Vestibulocochlear Glossopharyngeal Vagus Accessory Hypoglossal

Question 36

What area is pearly gray and oval shaped, semi transparent and moves in response to sound and vibrations which are transmitted via the ossicles in the ear?

Answer 36

The tympanic membrane

Question 37

The _____ is the visual receptive layer of the eye in which light waves are changed into nerve impulses

Answer 37

Retina

Question 38

what part of the ear are the malleus, incus and stapes?

Answer 38

They are the tiny ear bones, or auditory ossicles found in the middle ear

Question 39

The semicircular canals or labyrinth, in the inner ear constantly feed information to the brain about the bodies position in space. If this becomes inflamed, it sends the wrong info, causing a staggering gait and a strong spinning sensation which is known as __________

Answer 39

vertigo

Question 40

the normal pathway of hearing is through ______ _____________

Answer 40

air conduction

Question 41

what are the functions of the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 41

-lighten weight of skull -serve as resonators for sound production -provide mucus

Question 42

the hard palate is made up of _____ and is a ________ colour while the soft palate is _______ in colour and more mobile because its made of ________.

Answer 42

Bone Whitish Pink Muscle

Question 43

How many permanent teeth do adults have, and what are the three main parts of a tooth?

Answer 43

32 permanent teeth the crown, the neck and the root

Question 44

what hangs down from the middle of the soft palate?

Answer 44

the uvula

Question 45

what are the functions of the tongue?

Answer 45

mastication swallowing cleaning the teeth speech taste sensation

Question 46

what are some common changes/challenges for older adults in regards to nose and throat?

Answer 46

-loss of taste buds (about 80% reduction in taste functioning) -risk for oral yeast infections (called thrush) -Osteoporosis can affect teeth - nose hairs become thick and stiffer and may not filter the nose as well -gums begin to recede -diminished sense of smell and taste can result in malnutrition -decreased saliva production -troubles with mastication (due to loss of teeth)