60s/General Survey/Pain

Question 1

What is bradycardia? And what is considered a bradycardia heart rate?

Answer 1

Abnormally slow heart rate, usually less than 60 bpm

Question 2

What is bradypnea? And what are some symptoms?

Answer 2

Abnormally slow breathing. Symptoms include dizziness, confusion and fatigue.

Question 3

What is diastolic pressure?

Answer 3

Blood pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest

Question 4

What are korotkoff sounds? What does the 1st and 5th Korotkoff sound represent?

Answer 4

Pulsating sounds heard when measuring blood pressure. 1st = systolic and 5th =diastolic

Question 5

What is mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Answer 5

Average pressure in arteries during a cardiac cycle

Question 6

How do you calculate pulse pressure?

Answer 6

Systolic BP - Diastolic BP. Ex. 120/80 —> 120-80 = pulse pressure 40 mm hg

Question 7

What is stroke volume? How is it calculated?

Answer 7

Amount of blood pumped from left ventricle per beat. SV = EDV - ESV

Question 8

What is a sinus arrhythmia?

Answer 8

Irregular heart rhythm that varies with breathing

Question 9

What is tachycardia? What heart rate is considered tachycardia?

Answer 9

Abnormally high heart rate. Over 100 bpm

Question 10

What is tachypnea?

Answer 10

Abnormally fast, shallow breathing

Question 11

What can cause tachypnea?

Answer 11

Infections, asthma, heat, high CO2 levels

Question 12

What are the 4 areas included in general survey?

Answer 12

Physical appearance, body structure, mobility, behaviour

Question 13

What do you assess in physical appearance?

Answer 13

Age, sex, LOC, skin colour, facial features

Question 14

What weight changes occur in older adults?

Answer 14

Weight loss, bony landmarks more prominent, fat shifts to abdomen/hips

Question 15

What height changes occur in older adults?

Answer 15

Height decreases due to spinal changes and posture

Question 16

What is a normal adult gait?

Answer 16

Shoulder width base, smooth, even, with arm swing

Question 17

What is normal oral temperature?

Answer 17

35.8-37.3 celcius

Question 18

How do tympanic, rectal and axillary differ from oral temp?

Answer 18

Tympanic = +/- 0.2 to oral
Rectal = 0.4-0.5 higher than oral
Axillary = 0.6 lower than oral

Question 19

What temperature is the most accurate?

Answer 19

Rectal, because not influenced by external factors

Question 20

What is the normal adult pulse rate?

Answer 20

Between 60-100 bpm

Question 21

What is pulse force? And how is it graded?

Answer 21

Strength of hearts stroke volume. On a scale; 0 = absent, 1+ = weak, 2+ = normal, 3+ = full/bounding

Question 22

Why do we access the pulse equally?

Answer 22

To ensure both sides of the body have equal blood flow

Question 23

What are normal adult respiratory rates?

Answer 23

10-20 breaths per minute

Question 24

What does febrile mean?

Answer 24

Temp of 38.4 or higher

Question 25

What does pyrexia mean?

Answer 25

Fever

Question 26

What are factors that affect blood pressure?

Answer 26

Age, sex, weight, stress, activity, emotions

Question 27

What happens if a blood pressure cuff is too small? Too large?

Answer 27

Too small = falsely high BP, too large = falsely low BP

Question 28

What tool is used to detect weak pulses?

Answer 28

Doppler ultrasound

Question 29

How does temp change in older adults?

Answer 29

Lower, less reliable, increased hypothermia risk

Question 30

What is nociceptive pain?

Answer 30

Pain from tissue injury

Question 31

What are examples of somatic pain?

Answer 31

Skin, muscle, bone, or joint pain

Question 32

What is visceral pain?

Answer 32

Pain from internal organs

Question 33

What is neuropathic pain?

Answer 33

Pain from nerve damage or disease

Question 34

What is the most reliable indicator of pain?

Answer 34

The patients self report

Question 35

What does OPQRST stand for?

Answer 35

Onset, Provocative/Palliative, Quality, Region, Severity, Timing, Understanding, Values