CARDIAC Flashcards
What is orthopnea?
SOB when lying flat
How do you locate the 2nd intercostal space?
Palpate angle of luis/sternal angle
When auscultating the neck vessels, you hear a blowing, swishing sound. What does this indicate?
a) hypotension
b) hypertension
c) bruit
d) this is a normal vessel sound
c) bruit
What are the 5 landmarks for cardiac ausceltation?
A: Aortic; 2nd ICP RSB
P: Pulmonic; 2nd ICS LSB
E: Erbs Point; 3rd ICS LSB
T: Tricupsid; 5th ICP LSB
M- Mitral; 5th ICP MCL
T or F: To locate the jugular venous pulse, palpate medial to the sternomastoid muscle higher in the neck.
FALSE- this is describing where to find the carotid artery pulse
The heart extends from the ___ to the ___ intercostal space.
2nd the 5th
How much blood does your heart pump out to your body?
5L (8 pints)
Describe the blood flow thorugh the pumping system.
-The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve.
The right ventricle pumps the oxygen-poor blood to the lungs through the pulmonary valve.
The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle through the mitral valve.
The left ventricle pumps the oxygen-rich blood through the aortic valve out to the rest of the body.
What system facilitates blood to be pumped through the valves into the ventricles?
conducting
Trace the pathway of the conducting system
- SA Node (Sinoatrial Node)
👉 “Pacemaker” of the heart
🔹 Starts the electrical signal
🔹 Located in the right atrium
⬇️
- Atria Contract
👉 Signal spreads through both atria
🔹 Pushes blood into the ventricles
⬇️
- AV Node (Atrioventricular Node)
👉 Slight delay to allow ventricles to fill
🔹 Located between atria and ventricles
⬇️
- Bundle of His
👉 Carries signal down the heart
🔹 Located in the septum (middle wall)
⬇️
- Right & Left Bundle Branches
👉 Signal travels to both sides of the heart
⬇️
- Purkinje Fibers
👉 Spread signal through ventricles
🔹 Causes ventricles to contract
🔹 Pushes blood out to body and lungs
During initial diastole, ventricles are ______, AV valves are ____.
relaxed; open
What causes S1 sounds?
pressure in ventricles causing AV valves to shut
What causes S2 sounds?
Lower pressure in ventricles at the end of systole causing semilunar valves to shut
Describe whats happening during S1 sounds.
- First heart sound
- mitral & tricuspid valves close
- louder at apex – listen over mitral valve area
- signals beginning of systole
T or F: S1 coincides with carotid artery pulse
True
Describe whats happening during S2 sounds.
-Second heart sound
-Pulmonic & aortic valves close
-loudest at base – listen over aortic valve area
-signals end of systole
T or F: S2 = the closing of the AV valves(tricuspid & mitral) this is the first heart sound “lub”
False; describing S1
Describe how to inspect for neck pulsations.
person supine 30-45 degree - have the students inspect for the neck pulsations – carotid, internal & external
T or F: Normal precordium pulsations include movement over the aortic and apical pulse.
FASLE- only movement over apical pulse is normal
If a patients apical and radial pulse are different, how do you calculate pulse deficit?
Subtract radial rate from apical rate, record remainder as pulse deficit
What is a thrill?
A palpable vibration indicating turbulent blood flow (regurgitation, stenosis)
S1 coincides with which wave on the ECG?
R
How is the pt positioned to listen for S3/S4 or mitral valve murmurs?
Roll pt onto their left side
How is pt positioned to listen for aortic regurgitation?
Sitting up and slightly leaned forward
