INTEG Flashcards
What is pruritus?
itching
xerosis
dry
seborrhea
oily
What is vitiligo?
patchy areas of white or light skin caused by the absence of melanin
What is an abnormal mole diametre?
greater than 6mm
What is the primary reason for assessing the patient’s hands and fingernails at the beginning of the examination?
a) To check for underlying medical conditions
b) To start with a nonthreatening area, as patients are often accustomed to having their hands touched by others (e.g., shaking hands)
c) To assess the overall appearance of the skin
d) To examine for signs of infection
b) To start with a nonthreatening area, as patients are often accustomed to having their hands touched by others (e.g., shaking hands)
Which of the following areas should be carefully inspected for skinfolds during the examination?
a) Face and neck
b) Forearms and legs
c) Hands and wrists
d) Under breasts, obese abdomens, and groins
d) Under breasts, obese abdomens, and groins
Cyanosis is most notably observed in which of the following areas?
a) Hands
b) Lips, nail beds, oral mucosa, and plantar/palmar surfaces
c) Forearms
d) Elbows
b) Lips, nail beds, oral mucosa, and plantar/palmar surfaces
What does pallor (lack of color or paleness) typically indicate?
a) Inflammation or fever
b) Vasoconstriction, such as in fear or anemia
c) Increased blood flow
d) Infection
b) Vasoconstriction, such as in fear or anemia
In people with darker skin tones, how might erythema appear?
a) As a pale, white color
b) As purple with a burgundy undertone
c) As yellow
d) As blue
b
Where is edema most prominent?
ankles, feet, sacral area
How might hyperthyroidism affect a skin assessment?
- increased metabolic rate; causing warmth and moistness to the skin
- skin feels smoother and softer like velvet
What would be the cause of unilateral edema compared to bilateral edema?
unilateral: local or peripheral cause
bilateral: central problem such as heart or kidney failure
If you find a cherry angioma on your patient, what is your intervention?
A) call the doctor
B) Apply a cold compress
C) apply a warm compress
D) no intervention
D.
These small (1-5mm) smooth, slightly raised bright red dots appear on the trunks of adults over 30 and usually increase in size and number with age and are not significant
You patients lesion has a blue-green fluorescence, what does this indicate?
Fungal infection.
Ex. tinea capitus (ring worm)
You patient is experiencing shortness of breath and you notice their nail beds are spongy and >160 degree. What might this indicate?
Clubbing of nails can indicate congenital, chronic and cyanotic heart disease, emphysema and chronic bronchitis
How does arterial insufficiency appear in nails?
nails are thickened and rigged
Patient education for adults:
For all adults:
Once/month
Use ABCDE rule
Well-lit room
Full length mirror, small handheld mirror
Report any suspect lesions
What is an annular lesion?
circular; begins in centre and spreads peripherally
ex. ringworm
What is a confluent lesion?
lesions that merge together
ex. hives
What are beau lines?
Transverse furrow or groove; a depression across the nail that extends down the bed.
Occurs with trauma or acute illness/infection (temporarily impairs nail formation)
How should the temperature of the skin be assessed during a physical examination?
a) By using a thermometer
b) By palpating the skin with the dorsa of the hand bilaterally
c) By visually inspecting the skin
d) By pressing on the skin and observing for redness
b) By palpating the skin with the dorsa of the hand bilaterally
What does the skin’s “mobility” refer to in the assessment of skin turgor?
a) The ease with which the skin rises when pinched
b) The ability of the skin to stay in place after being pinched
c) The speed at which the skin wrinkles
d) The thickness of the skin in certain areas
a) The ease with which the skin rises when pinched
What is considered a normal capillary refill time?
a) Color returns within a couple of seconds
b) Color takes more than 5 seconds to return
c) Color returns after 10 seconds
d) The nail remains pale with no color return
a
