Nephrotic Syndrome Flashcards
What is the first thing we see nephrotic syndrome?
Oedema
What is proteinuria?
It is a kidney disease characterised by proteinuria, hypoalbunamia, oedema and hypercholesteraemia
What level of albumin is found in the blood in nephrotic syndrome?
<25g/l
What are the 3 most common types of nephrotic syndrome?
- Focal glomerulosclerosis
- Minimal change nephrotic syndrome
- Membranous nephropathy(mostly Hepatitis B induced)
What age usually gets nephrotic syndrome?:
2-6 years old
What is the clinical presentation for children with nephrotic syndrome?
- Oedema
- Pleural effusions
- Infections
- Thrombosis
- Hypovolaemic shock-cold peripheries, thread pulse
- Ascites
How do we manage nephrotic syndrome?
- Give corticosteroids(prednisone) 2mg/kg/day for 6 weeks
Why would we biopsy the kidney in nephrotic syndrome?
- If below 1 and above 10
- If they are steroid resistant
- If they are steroid dependent or relapsing
Which type of nephrotic syndrome commonly occurs in black children?
Focal glomerulosclerosis
What does focal glomerulosclerosis lead to if no kidney transplant?
End stage renal failure
Which type of nephrotic syndrome typically affects Caucasian/Asian children?
Minimal change
Which type has a better prognosis?
Minimal change with 90% responding to corticosteroids, 70% relapsing and 80% going into remission
What are the special investigations you would do in these patients?
- Urine dipstick-usually +3,+4 protein
- serum albumin, creatinine and cholesterol
- Hepatitis B serology
- Urine culture
What are the complications of nephrotic syndrome?
- Hypovolaemia
- Acute renal failure
- Thrombosis
- Infection
- Hyperlipidaemia
- Malnutrition
