General Examination-abnormal Signs

Question 1

What are some signs of acute illness?

Answer 1

1. Respiratory distress
2. Massively distended abdomen?
3. Level of consciousness

Question 2

What are the causes 6 aspects you focus on when doing the general examination?

Answer 2

1. Acute vs chronic illness
2. General observation of the baby
3. Interventions-nasogastric tube, IV fluids?
4. Anthropometry and nutrition
5. JACOLDDDD
6. Check baby’s vitals

Question 3

What are the sequelae of vitamin A deficiency?

Answer 3

1. Xerosis (dryness of the cornea and conjunctiva)
2. Bitot spots
3. Keratomalacia(softening of the cornea)
4. Corneal ulceration

Question 4

What are the signs of vitamin D deficiency/rickets?

Answer 4

1. Delayed closure of the fontanelles
2. Bowing of legs in weight bearing children
3. Swelling in wrist and ankle joints
4. Frontal bossing
5. Rachitic rosary
6. Harrisons sulcus

Question 5

When do we do a mid-upper arm circumference?

Answer 5

• From 6 months to 5 years

- If the baby is below 1 year then we should ensure that they are at least 65 cm tall

Question 6

What would lead to immediate definition of severe acute malnutrition(SAM)?

Answer 6

Pitting oedema

Question 7

In neonates what is jaundice classified as?

Answer 7

1. It is either physiological or pathological

Question 8

Jaundice in older children is always?

Answer 8

Pathological but can be classified as obstructive/non obstructive jaundice

Question 9

How do we tell whether the baby has conjugated or uncojungated jaundice?

Answer 9

-If conjugated is more than 20% then we have a conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia

Question 10

What body part do we look at to determine jaundice?

Answer 10

-sclera and skin for babies

Question 11

What is the hyperoxia test?

Answer 11

-It is a test where oxygen is given to a cyanosed baby to determine whether there is a cardiac anomaly causing the the cyanosis or not

Question 12

What do we focus on in lymphadenopathy?

Answer 12

1. Whether it is significant
2. Whether it is generalised
3. Whether they are localised

Question 13

What do we need to focus on in dehydration?

Answer 13

1. Fluid therapy-type of fluids and duration

Question 14

What are some characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome?

Answer 14

1. Microcephaly
2. Epicanthic folds
3. Micrognathia
4. Thin upper lip
5. Smooth philtrum
6. Low nasal bridge

Question 15

What do we mention in D of dermatology?

Answer 15

1. BCG scar

2. Mantoux scar