Nephrology Flashcards
What increases the risk of urate renal stones
gout
ileostomy: loss of bicarbonate and fluid results in acidic urine, causing the precipitation of uric acid
what increases the risk of calcium renal stones
drugs that promote calcium stones: loop diuretics, steroids, acetazolamide, theophylline
thiazides can prevent calcium stones (increase distal tubular calcium resorption)
what is the most important HLA type involved in renal graft rejection
HLA DR
what are the other complications of poly cystic kidney disease
liver cysts (70% - the commonest extra-renal manifestation): may cause hepatomegaly berry aneurysms (8%): rupture can cause subarachnoid haemorrhage cardiovascular system: mitral valve prolapse, mitral/tricuspid incompetence, aortic root dilation, aortic dissection cysts in other organs: pancreas, spleen; very rarely: thyroid, oesophagus, ovary
give an inherited cause or recurrent renal stones
cystinuria
which glomerulonephritis is associated with podocyte fusion
minima change disease
give causes of glomerulonephritis which result in low complement levels
post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
subacute bacterial endocarditis
systemic lupus erythematosus
mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis
what type of renal stones does proteus mirablis predispose to
struvite
what organism most commonly causes peritonitis in patients recieing peritoneal dialysis
Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus is the most common cause of peritonitis secondary to peritoneal dialysis
what is the most common form of renal disease in SLE
diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis - also most severe
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease type 1 is associated with a gene defect in:
chromosome 16
what conditions are associated with IgA nephropathy
alcoholic cirrhosis
coeliac disease/dermatitis herpetiformis
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
where does spironlactone work
aldosterone antagonist which acts in the cortical collecting duct - distal part of distal tubule.
what medication can give a false low PSA
finasteride
alports syndrome occurs due to a defect in
type IV collagen
what antibody is associated with idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis
anti-phospholipase A2 antibodies
what antibodies mediate acute graft rejections
IgG
what type of GN do patients develop secondary to malignancy
membranous
what antibody is associatd with idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis
anti-phospholipase A2 antibodies
what immunosuppresing drug used in renal transplantation is associated with hyperkalaemia
tacrolimus
what is the empirical treatment of infection of peritoneal dialysis
oral cipro and intraperitoneal vanc
what is the mode of inheritance of alports
x linked dominant
