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MRCP Part 1 > Clinical Sciences > Flashcards

Clinical Sciences Flashcards

1
Q

What does flecanide act on

A

sodium channel blocker

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2
Q

what is the most common heart defect seen in turners

A

bicuspid aortic valve

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3
Q

name medications that can cause impaired glucose tolerance

A 
thiazides, furosemide (less common)
steroids
tacrolimus, ciclosporin
interferon-alpha
nicotinic acid
antipsychotics
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4
Q

what can precipitate lithium toxicity

A

dehydration
renal failure
drugs: diuretics (especially thiazides), ACE inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers, NSAIDs and metronidazole.

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5
Q

what is Trastuzumab (Herceptin)

A

Trastuzumab (Herceptin) is a monoclonal antibody directed against the HER2/neu receptor.

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6
Q

medication causing blue vision

A

sildenifil

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7
Q

what is m-cat

A

illegal drug - similar to amphetamine (same class)

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8
Q

name some medications that cause photosensitivity

A 
thiazides
tetracyclines, sulphonamides, ciprofloxacin
amiodarone
NSAIDs e.g. piroxicam
psoralens
sulphonylureas
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9
Q

name some P450 inducers

A

antiepileptics: phenytoin, carbamazepine
barbiturates: phenobarbitone
rifampicin
St John’s Wort
chronic alcohol intake
griseofulvin
smoking (affects CYP1A2, reason why smokers require more aminophylline)

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10
Q

name some P450 inhibitors

A 
antibiotics: ciprofloxacin, erythromycin
isoniazid
cimetidine,omeprazole
amiodarone
allopurinol
imidazoles: ketoconazole, fluconazole
SSRIs: fluoxetine, sertraline
ritonavir
sodium valproate
acute alcohol intake
quinupristin
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11
Q

common side effect of verapamil

A

consipation

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12
Q

give the containdications of sildenafil

A

patients taking nitrates and related drugs such as nicorandil
hypotension
recent stroke or myocardial infarction (NICE recommend waiting 6 months)

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13
Q

management of beta blocker overdose

A

atropine and glucagon

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14
Q

what may be protective in paracetamol overdose

A

acute alcohol intake

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15
Q

how does aspirin work

A

Aspirin is a non-reversible cyclooxygenase (COX) 1 and 2 inhibitor

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16
Q

what does rituximab work against

A

anti CD20

17
Q

what are the indications for a liver transplant in paracetamol overdose

A

Arterial pH < 7.3, 24 hours after ingestion

or all of the following:
prothrombin time > 100 seconds
creatinine > 300 µmol/l
grade III or IV encephalopathy

18
Q

how does gentamicin cause renal damage

A

acute tubular necrosis

19
Q

what is the mechanism of cyanide toxicity

A

Cyanide inhibits the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase, resulting in cessation of the mitochondrial electron transfer chain

20
Q

what is the mechnism of action of digoxin

A

increases the force of cardiac muscle contraction due to inhibition of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump. Also stimulates vagus nerve

21
Q

give drugs whcih can be cleared by haemodialysis in overdose

A 
Barbiturate
Lithium
Alcohol (inc methanol, ethylene glycol)
Salicylates
Theophyllines (charcoal haemoperfusion is preferable)
22
Q

what drug can shorten QT

A

digoxin

23
Q

name a depolarising muscle relaxant

A

suxamethonium

24
Q

how does ketamine work

A

NMDA receptor antagonist

25
Q

which TB drug needs to be adjusted in patients with renal impairment

A

ethambutol

26
Q

who is simply the funniest, most handsome, charismatic and humble person in the world

A

Martin

27
Q

where is HLA located

A

chromosome 6

28
Q

what produces IL1

A

macrophages

29
Q

how do you calculate NNT

A

1/absolute risk reduction

30
Q

where are g proteins located

A

cytoplasm

31
Q

where is EPO normally produced

A

in interstitial fibroblasts found in the renal cortex

32
Q

most common cause of death in turners

A

thoracic aortic aneurysm rupture

33
Q

how does dipyridamole work?

A

adenosine update inhibitor

34
Q

what is a bad effect of quinine therapy

A

hypoglycaemia

35
Q

Which electrolyte abnormality makes digoxin toxicity workse

A

hypokalaemia

MRCP Part 1 (12 decks)

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