Clinical Sciences Flashcards
What does flecanide act on
sodium channel blocker
what is the most common heart defect seen in turners
bicuspid aortic valve
name medications that can cause impaired glucose tolerance
thiazides, furosemide (less common) steroids tacrolimus, ciclosporin interferon-alpha nicotinic acid antipsychotics
what can precipitate lithium toxicity
dehydration
renal failure
drugs: diuretics (especially thiazides), ACE inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers, NSAIDs and metronidazole.
what is Trastuzumab (Herceptin)
Trastuzumab (Herceptin) is a monoclonal antibody directed against the HER2/neu receptor.
medication causing blue vision
sildenifil
what is m-cat
illegal drug - similar to amphetamine (same class)
name some medications that cause photosensitivity
thiazides tetracyclines, sulphonamides, ciprofloxacin amiodarone NSAIDs e.g. piroxicam psoralens sulphonylureas
name some P450 inducers
antiepileptics: phenytoin, carbamazepine
barbiturates: phenobarbitone
rifampicin
St John’s Wort
chronic alcohol intake
griseofulvin
smoking (affects CYP1A2, reason why smokers require more aminophylline)
name some P450 inhibitors
antibiotics: ciprofloxacin, erythromycin isoniazid cimetidine,omeprazole amiodarone allopurinol imidazoles: ketoconazole, fluconazole SSRIs: fluoxetine, sertraline ritonavir sodium valproate acute alcohol intake quinupristin
common side effect of verapamil
consipation
give the containdications of sildenafil
patients taking nitrates and related drugs such as nicorandil
hypotension
recent stroke or myocardial infarction (NICE recommend waiting 6 months)
management of beta blocker overdose
atropine and glucagon
what may be protective in paracetamol overdose
acute alcohol intake
how does aspirin work
Aspirin is a non-reversible cyclooxygenase (COX) 1 and 2 inhibitor
what does rituximab work against
anti CD20
what are the indications for a liver transplant in paracetamol overdose
Arterial pH < 7.3, 24 hours after ingestion
or all of the following:
prothrombin time > 100 seconds
creatinine > 300 µmol/l
grade III or IV encephalopathy
how does gentamicin cause renal damage
acute tubular necrosis
what is the mechanism of cyanide toxicity
Cyanide inhibits the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase, resulting in cessation of the mitochondrial electron transfer chain
what is the mechnism of action of digoxin
increases the force of cardiac muscle contraction due to inhibition of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump. Also stimulates vagus nerve
give drugs whcih can be cleared by haemodialysis in overdose
Barbiturate Lithium Alcohol (inc methanol, ethylene glycol) Salicylates Theophyllines (charcoal haemoperfusion is preferable)
what drug can shorten QT
digoxin
name a depolarising muscle relaxant
suxamethonium
how does ketamine work
NMDA receptor antagonist
which TB drug needs to be adjusted in patients with renal impairment
ethambutol
who is simply the funniest, most handsome, charismatic and humble person in the world
Martin
where is HLA located
chromosome 6
what produces IL1
macrophages
how do you calculate NNT
1/absolute risk reduction
where are g proteins located
cytoplasm
where is EPO normally produced
in interstitial fibroblasts found in the renal cortex
most common cause of death in turners
thoracic aortic aneurysm rupture
how does dipyridamole work?
adenosine update inhibitor
what is a bad effect of quinine therapy
hypoglycaemia
Which electrolyte abnormality makes digoxin toxicity workse
hypokalaemia
