Nephrology

Question 1

Formula for calculated ososmolality?

If pseudo hyponatremia is present the calculated osmolality will be lower than measured osmolality

Answer 1

2(sodium)+ glucose/18 + (BUN/2.7)

Question 2

A BUN / Cr ratio greater than 20 is suggestive of

Answer 2

Hypovolemia

Question 3

Urine osmolality can be used to distinguish between impaired water excretion, SIADH, and pathological water intake ( polydipsia) . In SIADH , the urine will be inappropriately concentrated with urine osmoles of

Answer 3

> 100mOsm/L/Kg

Patient is unable to retain sodium

Question 4

Discontinue ACE-I if creatinine increases by more than

Answer 4

30%

Question 5

Stage 4 chronic kidney disease is defined as an estimated GFR of?

Answer 5

GFR 15-30

Question 6

KDOQI recommends that patients with hypertension and GFR >30 to be treated with

Answer 6

Thiazides

Question 7

KDOQI recommends in pts with hypertension and GFR

Answer 7

Loop diuretics

Question 8

KDOQI recommends that both dialysis and nondialysis patients with CKD receiving erythropoietin stimulating agents (ESA) therapy - Hb target should be

Answer 8

11-12

Hb should be monitored monthly

Question 9

PH

Answer 9

Metabolic acidosis

Question 10

CKD-MBD characterized by secondary hyperparathyroidism is caused by

Answer 10

Phosphate retention
Decreased free Ca
Decreased 1,25 - dihydroxyvitamin D

Measure serum Ca, PO4, and intact PTH in all patients with a GFR

Question 11

Definition of hyponatremia is a plasma sodium concentration below

Answer 11

135