Fever & Infectios Dz Pedi Flashcards
Pharyngitis
Viral MC
Group A B-hemolytic strep 15%
Mod-severe tonsillar swelling w/exudate
Mod to severe cervical adenopathy
Abscence mod to severe cough
Fever
TX pcn prevents rheumatic fever but not GN
Peri tonsillar abscess & Retropharyngeal abscess
Treatment?
Sx:
Severe throat or neck pain
Painful swallowing
High fever
Uvula deviation
Treatment- immediate tonsillectomy/ surgical drainage
IV ABT
Muffled voice with trismusm
Epiglottis
Rare since hemophilus influenza vaccine
Cherry red epiglottis
X-ray?
Thumb print sign
Steroids and racemic epinephrine
Abt: cephalosporin or clindamycin
Croup
Viral illness causing edema of the upper airways
Etio:
Parainfluenza 75% cause
Adenovirus
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
RSV
Sx: Barky cough
X-ray: steeple sign
Subglottic narrowing
Treatment of Croup
Nebulized epinephrine for immediate relief followed by admission or at least 3 hour IV’s
Dexamethasone 0.6mg/kg reduces hospitalization rates and shortens ED stay
RSV
MCC bronchiolitis and pneumonia under 1 year
Diagnosis?
Treatment?
Dx- antigen detection assays
Tx- supportive oxygen ( if O2
Management UTI
Positive culture >/= 50,000
Cephalosporins 1st choice 7-14 days Fu renal u/s - first febrile UTI Fu VCUG RECURRENT febrile UTIs If US reveals hydronephrosis/scarring
Pertussis
Coughing to the point of vomitting
Treatment?
Admission children
Impetigo
Treatment because of contagiousness
Cause?
Treatment?
Cause: group A beta hemolytic strep or staph aureus
Treatment: mupirocin TOC
KEFLEX IF ORAL
Fifth Disease
Cause?
Rash is immune mediated and occurs after acute infxn, so children with rash may attend school or day care
3 phases?
Cause- parvovirus B19
Phase 1- facial flushing (slapped cheek)
Phase 2- macular rash
Phase 3- reticular rash
Roseola infantum
Exanthem subitum
Sudden rash
Etiology?
Age affected?
Cause- HHV 6 or HHV 7
Age- 6 months to 4 years
Days1-2: anorexia/vomitting
Days2-3: high fever (103-106) possible seizures
Day4- rash begins as fever abates
Pink almond shaped macules on trunk/neck
Hand Foot Mouth (coxsackie A)
Usually children
Incubation period- 4-6 days
Prodrome fever, sore throat, anorexia, 1-2 days before rash
Meningococcal meningitis
cause?
Treatment?
Prophylaxis?
Cause- neisseria meningitidis
Gram neg diplococcus
Treatment- ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime
Dexamethasone 0.6/mg/kg/d q6 x 4 days
Rash usually begins on d3-5 of illness, first appearing peripherally
Palm and sole involvement occurs 50-70%
ROcky mountain Spotted fever
American dog tick vector
Starts on legs palms and soles Spares the face
Treatment Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Doxycycline
