Nephrolithiasis/Urolithiasis

Question 1

Formation of stones at urinary tract

Answer 1

Nephrolithiasis/Urolithiasis

Question 2

Types of Stones

Answer 2

Acidic
Alkaline

Question 3

Acidic Stones (3)

Answer 3

Calcium Oxalate
Uric Acid
Cystine

Question 4

Acidic Stone: Cabbage, beans, spinach, cranberry, nuts, tea, chocolate

Answer 4

Calcium Oxalate

Question 5

Acidic Stone: Anchovies, organ meat, whole grain, nuts, sardines

Answer 5

Uric Acid

Question 6

Acidic Stone: Meat, milk, eggs, cheese

Answer 6

Cystine

Question 7

Alkaline Stones (2)

Answer 7

Calcium Phospate
Struvite

Question 8

Alkaline Stone: Dairy products, meat, immobility, obesity, hyperparathyroidism

Answer 8

Calcium Phosphate

Question 9

Alkaline Stone: Urea-splitting bacteria

Answer 9

Struvite

Question 10

S/Sx:
Intense, deep ache in costovertebral region
Hematuria
Pyuria

Answer 10

Nephrolithiasis

Question 11

S/Sx:
Acute pain, nausea, vomiting, costovertebral area tenderness (renal colic)
Abdominal discomfort
Diarrhea

Answer 11

Nephrolithiasis

Question 12

S/Sx:
Acute, excruciating, colicky, wavelike pain, radiating down the thigh to the genitalia
Frequent desire to void, but little urine passed
Hematuria

Answer 12

Ureterolithiasis

Question 13

S/Sx: Hematuria
Symptoms of irritation
Urinary retention
Possible sepsis

Answer 13

Urolithiasis

Question 14

Diagnostic Test (6)

Answer 14

Intravenous Pyelogram
Kidney Ureter Bladder x-ray
Cystoscopic exam
Stone analysis
Urinalysis
Ultrasound

Question 15

Pharmacologic Management (5)

Answer 15

Narcotic Analgesic
Antipasmodics
Allopurinol (Uric Acid)
Diuretics
Antibiotics

Question 16

Surgical management: Renal Stone

Answer 16

Nephrolithotomy

Question 17

Surgical management: Renal Pelvis Stone

Answer 17

Pyelolithotomy

Question 18

Surgical management: Ureteral Stone

Answer 18

Ureterolithotomy

Question 19

Surgical management: Bladde stone

Answer 19

Cystolithotomy

Question 20

Nursing Management (5)

Answer 20

I & O
Strain urine using gauze pad & save solid materials for analysis
Exercise
Warm sitz bath - for comfort
Alternate warm compress at flank area

Question 21

Force fluid

Answer 21

3L/day

Question 22

Diet Acidic Stones (3)

Answer 22

Alkaline Ash Diet
Fruits and Vegetables
Milk

Question 23

Diet Alkaline Stone (5)

Answer 23

Acid-ash Diet
Cranberry
Prune
Plum
Meat and Poultry

Question 24

Diet Calcium Stone (3)

Answer 24

Low calcium
Acid-ash diet
Decrease dietary protein and sodium intake

Question 25

Diet Uric Acid Stone (2)

Answer 25

Low purine foods
Alkaline-ash diet

Question 26

Diet Cystine Stone

Answer 26

Low methionine
Alkaline-ash diet

Question 27

Diet Phospate Stone

Answer 27

Aluminum hydroxide gel
Low in phosphorus