Nephrolithiasis Flashcards
Nephrolithiasis =
Kidney stones
Nephro =
kidney
renal =
of or belonging to the kidneys
nephrology =
study of the kidneys
urology =
study of the urinary tract
lithos =
stone
calculi =
something accidental that doesn’t belong in the body (stone)
Where can you have urologic obstruction
kidney (renal pelvis)
Bladder
Urethera
Urteter
factors that determine destructive obstruction (4)
Degree - partial, complete
location
duration - Longer blockage more damage and inflammation
timing - acute, chronic
Cause of renal pelvis obstuction
renal calculi
Cause of ureter obstruction
Renal calculi
Pregnancy
Tumors
cause of bladder and urethra obstruction
Bladder cancer Neurogenic bladder Prostatic hyperplasia Prostate cancer Urethral strictures
hydronephrosis =
Backup of pressure in the kidneys due to blockage
hydroureter =
backup of pressure in the ureters due to blockage
Complications of stasis of urine flow
infection
Pharm for Acute nephrolithiasis
Morphine
NSAIDs
IV Fluids
Preventive meds for nephrolithiasis
Calcium = thiazide diuretics Struvite = antibiotics Urate = allopurinol (covered in gout lecture)
3 manifestations of acute obstruction
Site
Cause (Stone, Prostate)
speed of onset
what is nephrolithiasis and what is the definition
Renal calculi or Kidney Stones
clumps of crystals in the urinary tract
where do kidney stones form
renal pelvis
where are kidney stones located
Anywhere from the renal pelvis to bladder where they get excreted through the urethra
7 Risk factors for nephrolithiasis
Sex: Men (for now)
Age: 20s – 30s
Race: white
Family history
Congenital defect
Of kidney or urinary system
Weather? Warmer
Obesity
Etiology of nephrolithiasis
crystallized solutes in the urine depending on individual risk factors such as
Hx,
characteristics of urine,
diet, oxylates, med Characteristics of the urine (diet, medications)
3 types of kidney stones
Calcium oxalate -75 % - Family history
Idiopathic
↑Calcemia
↑Oxaluria
Struvite “Staghorn” - 7-10% - Urinary tract infection
Uric acid 7-10% - Will cover in arthritis lecture (gout)
Patho of Nephrolithiasis
Problem: Super-saturation with a solute
Crystals begin forming in the nephron
Crystal formation is enhanced by:
Dehydration
Immobility/sedentary lifestyle
Characteristics of renal colic
Pain in flank that radiates to the groin in spasms or waves
intermittent, sharp and severe
accompanying symptoms of acute renal colic
N/V
Diaphoresis
Increase HR
Increase RR
Manifestations of Lower UTI (dysuria, hematuria, etc).
