HIV Drugs Flashcards
6 types of HIV drugs
Nucleoside Reverse
Transcriptase Inhibitors
Non-nucleoside Reverse
Protease Inhibitors
Integrase Inhibitors
HIV entry Inhibitors
Fusion Inhibitors
CCR5 Antagonists
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)
DRUG
Zidovudine (Retrovir)(AZT)
Zidovudine MOA
Inhibit reverse transcriptase
Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) DRUG
Efavirenz (Sustiva)
Efavirenz A/E
Rash
CNS symptoms
insomnia
dizziness
hallucinations
Efacirenz Drug interacrtions
Inhibits and induces Cytochrome P450 system
Treatment goals (Benefits) of Antiretrovirals (3)
Delay or reverse loss of immune function
Decrease AIDS-related complications
Prolong life
What is HAART
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
drawbacks of HAART
Pricy,
long-term side effects,
serious drug interactions,
take for life
5 classifications of ARTs
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
•Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
•Non-NRTIs (NNRTIs)
Integrase inhibitors
Protease inhibitors
Fusion inhibitors
CCR5 antagonists
Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
DRUG
Zidovudine (Retrovir)
Non-NRTIs (NNRTIs)
DRUG
Efavirenz (Sustiva)
Integrase inhibitors
DRUG
Raltegravir (Isentress)*
Protease inhibitor DRUG
Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra)
Fusion inhibitors
DRUG
Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon)*
CCR5 antagonists DRUG
Maraviroc (selzentry)*
Can NRTIs be taken to keep mothers from passing HIV to fetus
YES
T/F NRTIs have resistance and should be given with other antiretrovirals
True
In combo with other drugs Zidovudine can
Decreases viral load
Delays onset of AIDS
Reduces symptom severity
Zidovudine main toxicities
Severe anemia and neutropenia
Lactic acidosis in female or obese persons
Efavirenz MOA
Inhibit reverse transcriptase
work directly against the enzyme activity so it cannot perform its function
T/F NNRTIs given in combos
TRUE
Integrase inhibitor
Raltegravir
MOA of Raltegravir
Inhibits integrase
Blocking activity of integrase which is used to inject dna into host cell dna
T/F raltegravir is well tolerated
TRue
raltegravir drug interactions
Metabolized by an enzyme known as UGT
Caution with UGT inhibitors or inducers
Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra) MOA
inhibits protease
The enzyme needed for viral replication
T/F Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra) can reduce HIV viral load so low they are undectable
TRUE
Adverse Effects of Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra)
Hyperglycemia
Lipodystrophy
Hyperlipidemia
Bone loss
does Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra) have drug interactions
yes, it is metabolized by the CYP459 system
Dosage of Enfuvirtide
Given SQ twice a day
MOA of Enfuvirtide
Blocks entry of HIV into CD4 T cells
Adverse effects of Enfuvirtide
Injection site reactions
Pneumonia
Hypersensitivity
T/F Enfuvirtide has significant drug interactions
FALSE
MOA of Maraviroc
blocks CCR5 which is a receptor that HIV bind with to enter in the CD4 cell so it Blocks entry into CD4 cells
Dosage of Maraviroc
twice daily
Adverse effects of maraviroc
Liver injury (Black Box)
Drug interactions for maraviroc
A substrate of CYP 3A4
Who should recieve ART
Any person living with HIV
All pregnant women who are HIV+
PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis)
Use of antiretroviral medications
Detailed sexual and drug use history to determine risk
Determine potential barriers
Condom use
Can reduce risk of HIV transmission by greater than 90%
PEP (Post-exposure prophylaxis)
Recommendations based on exposure and barriers
Treatments for non-occupational and healthcare professionals
Treatments include ART (antiretroviral therapy) for 28 days
HIV testing initially and at 6 and 12 weeks after exposure
