HIV Drugs

Question 1

6 types of HIV drugs

Answer 1

Nucleoside Reverse

Transcriptase Inhibitors

Non-nucleoside Reverse

Protease Inhibitors

Integrase Inhibitors

HIV entry Inhibitors
Fusion Inhibitors
CCR5 Antagonists

Question 2

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)

DRUG

Answer 2

Zidovudine (Retrovir)(AZT)

Question 3

Zidovudine MOA

Answer 3

Inhibit reverse transcriptase

Question 4

Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) DRUG

Answer 4

Efavirenz (Sustiva)

Question 5

Efavirenz A/E

Answer 5

Rash

CNS symptoms
insomnia
dizziness
hallucinations

Question 6

Efacirenz Drug interacrtions

Answer 6

Inhibits and induces Cytochrome P450 system

Question 7

Treatment goals (Benefits) of Antiretrovirals (3)

Answer 7

Delay or reverse loss of immune function

Decrease AIDS-related complications

Prolong life

Question 8

What is HAART

Answer 8

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Question 9

drawbacks of HAART

Answer 9

Pricy,
long-term side effects,
serious drug interactions,
take for life

Question 10

5 classifications of ARTs

Answer 10

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
•Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
•Non-NRTIs (NNRTIs)

Integrase inhibitors

Protease inhibitors

Fusion inhibitors

CCR5 antagonists

Question 11

Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
DRUG

Answer 11

Zidovudine (Retrovir)

Question 12

Non-NRTIs (NNRTIs)

DRUG

Answer 12

Efavirenz (Sustiva)

Question 13

Integrase inhibitors

DRUG

Answer 13

Raltegravir (Isentress)*

Question 14

Protease inhibitor DRUG

Answer 14

Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra)

Question 15

Fusion inhibitors

DRUG

Answer 15

Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon)*

Question 16

CCR5 antagonists DRUG

Answer 16

Maraviroc (selzentry)*

Question 17

Can NRTIs be taken to keep mothers from passing HIV to fetus

Answer 17

YES

Question 18

T/F NRTIs have resistance and should be given with other antiretrovirals

Answer 18

True

Question 19

In combo with other drugs Zidovudine can

Answer 19

Decreases viral load
Delays onset of AIDS
Reduces symptom severity

Question 20

Zidovudine main toxicities

Answer 20

Severe anemia and neutropenia

Lactic acidosis in female or obese persons

Question 21

Efavirenz MOA

Answer 21

Inhibit reverse transcriptase

work directly against the enzyme activity so it cannot perform its function

Question 22

T/F NNRTIs given in combos

Answer 22

TRUE

Question 23

Integrase inhibitor

Answer 23

Raltegravir

Question 24

MOA of Raltegravir

Answer 24

Inhibits integrase

Blocking activity of integrase which is used to inject dna into host cell dna

Question 25

T/F raltegravir is well tolerated

Answer 25

TRue

Question 26

raltegravir drug interactions

Answer 26

Metabolized by an enzyme known as UGT | Caution with UGT inhibitors or inducers

Question 27

Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra) MOA

Answer 27

inhibits protease The enzyme needed for viral replication

Question 28

T/F Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra) can reduce HIV viral load so low they are undectable

Answer 28

TRUE

Question 29

Adverse Effects of Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra)

Answer 29

Hyperglycemia  Lipodystrophy Hyperlipidemia Bone loss

Question 30

does Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra) have drug interactions

Answer 30

yes, it is metabolized by the CYP459 system

Question 31

Dosage of Enfuvirtide

Answer 31

Given SQ twice a day

Question 32

MOA of Enfuvirtide

Answer 32

Blocks entry of HIV into CD4 T cells

Question 33

Adverse effects of Enfuvirtide

Answer 33

Injection site reactions Pneumonia Hypersensitivity

Question 34

T/F Enfuvirtide has significant drug interactions

Answer 34

FALSE

Question 35

MOA of Maraviroc

Answer 35

blocks CCR5 which is a receptor that HIV bind with to enter in the CD4 cell so it Blocks entry into CD4 cells

Question 36

Dosage of Maraviroc

Answer 36

twice daily

Question 37

Adverse effects of maraviroc

Answer 37

Liver injury (Black Box)

Question 38

Drug interactions for maraviroc

Answer 38

A substrate of CYP 3A4

Question 39

Who should recieve ART

Answer 39

Any person living with HIV All pregnant women who are HIV+

Question 40

PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis)

Answer 40

Use of antiretroviral medications Detailed sexual and drug use history to determine risk Determine potential barriers Condom use Can reduce risk of HIV transmission by greater than 90%

Question 41

PEP (Post-exposure prophylaxis)

Answer 41

Recommendations based on exposure and barriers Treatments for non-occupational and healthcare professionals Treatments include ART (antiretroviral therapy) for 28 days HIV testing initially and at 6 and 12 weeks after exposure