Chemo Drugs Flashcards by Jacob Lucas

Types of Anti-cancer agents

cytotoxic agents

hormonal agents

biologicals

targeted drugs

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Classes of cytotoxic agents

Alkylating agents
Antimetabolites
Antitumor antibiotics
Mitotic inhibitors
Misc. cytotoxics

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cytotoxic agents =

cell death

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hormonal agents =

block effects of hormones on tumor

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biologics=

Common A/E =

alter the body’s response to cancer

A/E = flu like symptoms

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targeted drugs =

newer class, targets only cancer cells

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drugs to deal with toxicities

Odansetron (Zofran) promethazine (Phenergan)
Dexamethasone
Magic mouthwash

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MOa of cytotoxic agents

Disrupt DNA synthesis

Disrupt mitosis

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Alkylating Agents

Cyclophosphamide

Cell cycle phase nonspecific

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cyclophosphamide has usual toxcities plus….

Vesicant
Hemorrhagic cystitis
Sterility
Discoloration of skin and nails

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Antimetabolite agent

methotrexate

cell cycle specific - S phase

Resemble natural metabolites

Folate antagonist

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methotrrexate extra toxicites

Nephrotoxicity
Hepatotoxicity
Fetal death and abnormalities

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Antitumor Antibiotics:

Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)

Cell cycle phase nonspecific

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origin of doxorubicin

streptomyces

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extra toxicites in doxorubicin

Cardiotoxicity(sometimes fatal)
Acute and delayed rxn

Can cause red urine and sweat

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Mitotic Inhibitors: Vinca Alkaloids

Vincristine (Vincasar)

Cell cycle specific

sources of vincristine

periwinkle- natural

toxicities in vincristine

No bone marrow suppression in some drugs
Peripheral neuropathy
Vesicant

Antiemetic: Serotonin Antagonist

Ondansetron (Zofran)

uses of Ondansetron (Zofran)

chemo

radiation

postop

moa Ondansetron (Zofran)

Blocks serotonin receptors on vagal nerve and in the CTZ
Chemoreceptor trigger zone
Efficacy is improved with steroids

AE in ondansetron

HA
Diarrhea
dizzines

Antiemetic:Dopamine Antagonist

Promethazine (Phenergan)

uses of promethazine

Chemo, post-op, general N/V

MOA of promethazine

Blocks dopamine receptors in the CTZ

AE of promethazine

Respiratory depression Drowsiness, sedation Black box warnings = resp depression <2 yrs old; gangrenous extravasation

MOA of biologics

uses body's immune system to kill cancer cells

Types of Biologics

``` Immune checkpoint inhibitors T-cell transfer therapy Monoclonal antibodies Treatment vaccines Immune system modulators ```

biologics approved in use for

``` Leukemias/lymphomas Breast Bladder Brain Colon Lung Pancreatic ```

SE of biologics

``` Pain, Swelling, Soreness Flu-like symptoms Weight gain Diarrhea Risk of infection ```

Routes of biologics

IV Oral Topical Intravesical (directly into bladder)