NEP

Question 1

1920/21 revolts

Answer 1

-the civil war led to bolshevik victory
-this damaged the economy and led to a number of revolts

-Tambov revolt
began in autumn 1920
peasants in Tambov angry at grain requistioning
by jan 1921, had 50k
February, there were 118 uprisings
by march 1921, had enough to attack gov grain stores along river volga

-Kronstadt uprising
sailors
wanted soviets without communists, end of Communist Party’s dictatorship establishment of political freedoms and civil rights.

Question 2

New economic policy

Answer 2

-impact of revolts dire for bolsheviks
-divisions within party and new policy needed to improve economy

-ended war communism and turned economy into a mixed economy
-agricultural sector left to the free market
-grain requisitioning ended
-small factories denationalised, large ones still nationalised
-money was reintroduced

Question 3

impact of NEP on agriculture and industry

Answer 3

agriculture:
-popular with peasantry
-free market incentivised to grow more food
-incentivised after 1921 famine- at least 5 million died of starvation

industry
industrial growth
mass electrification campaign helped to revive civil war damaged economies
still was slow compared to agriculture

Question 4

political impact of NEP

Answer 4

-despite success, still introduced higher control
-he introduced a ban on political factions within the party
-he introduced democratic centralism: ban on other political parties
-decisions made by lenin + politburo had to be supported by all communists