Neoplastic disease

Question 1

What is a tumor?

Answer 1

• An abnormal growth
• Has no benefit for the animal
• Cells multiply in a in-cordinated manner

Question 2

What is Neoplasia?

Answer 2

• A NEW abnormal growth
• Can be classed into etiher BENIGN or MALIGNANT

Depending on characteristics

Question 3

What is Metastasis?

Answer 3

The distant spread of a tumour, away from primary site

Question 4

Hoes does Metastasis usually travel via?

Answer 4

Blood lymph or across body cavities

Question 5

What type of Neoplasms is Metastasis usually associated with?

Answer 5

Malignant neoplasms

Question 6

Name the 3 stages of cancer creation

Answer 6

1. Initiating event
2. Promotion
3. Progression

Question 7

What is involved of the Intiating event of Cancer?

Answer 7

The carcinogen affects the genetic material of the cell

Question 8

What is involved of the Promotion event of Cancer?

Answer 8

Cells develop towards malignancy

Question 9

What is involved of the Progression event of Cancer?

Answer 9

Cancer develops, invades + metastasises

Question 10

List 4 common cancers that are shared by both Dogs + Cats

Answer 10

1. Mast Cell Tumours
2. Lymphoma
3. Mammary Carcinoma
4. Osteosarcoma

Question 11

List 8 common cancers in Dogs

Answer 11

1. Mast Cell Tumours
2. Lymphoma
3. Meningiomas
4. Haemangiosarcomas
5. Sarcomas
6. Mammary Carcinoma
7. Melanomas
8. Osteosarcoma

Question 12

List 8 common cancers in Cats

Answer 12

1. Lymphoma
2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma
3. Basal Cell Tumour
4. Mast Cell Tumour
5. Mammary Carcinoma
6. Fibrosarcoma
7. Carcinoma/Adenocarcinoma
8. Osteosarcoma

Question 13

Why do we undergo ‘Cancer Staging’?

Answer 13

To establish:
1. Site of Primary tumour
1. Cell type (Adenocarcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma)
1. Tumour size
1. Extent/reach of Tumour
1. Any regional lymph node involvement
1. Number of Tumours (Primary + any Metastases)
1. Tumour grade (TNM System)

Question 14

What system is used to grade tumours?

Answer 14

TNM System

Question 15

What does the TNM staging indentify of tumours?

Answer 15

1. Determines likely prognosis
2. Most effective treatment + plan

Question 16

What are the 5 diagnostic techniques that can be used to determine the stage of Cancer?

Answer 16

1. Physical exam
2. Diagnostic Imaging
3. Laboratory tests
4. Pathology reports (Biopsy)
5. Surgical reports

Question 17

3 reasons..

What does the diagnostic technique of a Physical exam offer, when staging Cancer?

Answer 17

1. Location of tumour/s
2. Size of tumour/s
3. Any spread to lymph nodes, other tissues + organs

Question 18

4 methods…

What does the diagnostic technique of a Diagnostic Imaging offer, when staging Cancer?

Answer 18

The use of:
1. Radiography
1. CT
1. MRI
1. PET (Positron Emission Tomography)

Question 19

4 tests..

What does the diagnostic technique of a Laboratory tests offer, when staging Cancer?

Answer 19

1. Blood
2. Urine
3. Other fluids
4. Tissues taken from body

Question 20

1 test + 2 reports..

What does the diagnostic technique of a Pathology reports offer, when staging Cancer?

Answer 20

1. BIOPSY
2. Pathology report
3. Cytology report

Question 21

3 things..

What does the diagnostic technique of a Surgical report offer, when staging Cancer?

Answer 21

1. Describe size
2. Appearence
3. Obserations of lymph nodes + nearby organs

Question 22

When sampling a biopsy, how should you store this for transport to the external lab?

Answer 22

• In sterile universal container
• With 10% Formalin solution

Question 23

List the 4 potential general treatment options for Cancer

Answer 23

1. Chemotherapy (Affects tumour cycle)
2. Radiotherapy (Localised target)
3. Surgical excision or debulking (1st point of call)
4. Pallative care

Question 24

Why are chemotherapy doses measured by body surface area instead of bodyweight?

Answer 24

Because it more localised for the tumour