Neoplastic disease Flashcards
What is a tumor?
- An abnormal growth
- Has no benefit for the animal
- Cells multiply in a in-cordinated manner
What is Neoplasia?
- A NEW abnormal growth
- Can be classed into etiher BENIGN or MALIGNANT
Depending on characteristics
What is Metastasis?
The distant spread of a tumour, away from primary site
Hoes does Metastasis usually travel via?
Blood lymph or across body cavities
What type of Neoplasms is Metastasis usually associated with?
Malignant neoplasms
Name the 3 stages of cancer creation
- Initiating event
- Promotion
- Progression
What is involved of the Intiating event of Cancer?
The carcinogen affects the genetic material of the cell
What is involved of the Promotion event of Cancer?
Cells develop towards malignancy
What is involved of the Progression event of Cancer?
Cancer develops, invades + metastasises
List 4 common cancers that are shared by both Dogs + Cats
- Mast Cell Tumours
- Lymphoma
- Mammary Carcinoma
- Osteosarcoma
List 8 common cancers in Dogs
- Mast Cell Tumours
- Lymphoma
- Meningiomas
- Haemangiosarcomas
- Sarcomas
- Mammary Carcinoma
- Melanomas
- Osteosarcoma
List 8 common cancers in Cats
- Lymphoma
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Basal Cell Tumour
- Mast Cell Tumour
- Mammary Carcinoma
- Fibrosarcoma
- Carcinoma/Adenocarcinoma
- Osteosarcoma
Why do we undergo ‘Cancer Staging’?
To establish:
1. Site of Primary tumour
1. Cell type (Adenocarcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma)
1. Tumour size
1. Extent/reach of Tumour
1. Any regional lymph node involvement
1. Number of Tumours (Primary + any Metastases)
1. Tumour grade (TNM System)
What system is used to grade tumours?
TNM System
What does the TNM staging indentify of tumours?
- Determines likely prognosis
- Most effective treatment + plan
What are the 5 diagnostic techniques that can be used to determine the stage of Cancer?
- Physical exam
- Diagnostic Imaging
- Laboratory tests
- Pathology reports (Biopsy)
- Surgical reports
3 reasons..
What does the diagnostic technique of a Physical exam offer, when staging Cancer?
- Location of tumour/s
- Size of tumour/s
- Any spread to lymph nodes, other tissues + organs
4 methods…
What does the diagnostic technique of a Diagnostic Imaging offer, when staging Cancer?
The use of:
1. Radiography
1. CT
1. MRI
1. PET (Positron Emission Tomography)
4 tests..
What does the diagnostic technique of a Laboratory tests offer, when staging Cancer?
- Blood
- Urine
- Other fluids
- Tissues taken from body
1 test + 2 reports..
What does the diagnostic technique of a Pathology reports offer, when staging Cancer?
- BIOPSY
- Pathology report
- Cytology report
3 things..
What does the diagnostic technique of a Surgical report offer, when staging Cancer?
- Describe size
- Appearence
- Obserations of lymph nodes + nearby organs
When sampling a biopsy, how should you store this for transport to the external lab?
- In sterile universal container
- With 10% Formalin solution
List the 4 potential general treatment options for Cancer
- Chemotherapy (Affects tumour cycle)
- Radiotherapy (Localised target)
- Surgical excision or debulking (1st point of call)
- Pallative care
Why are chemotherapy doses measured by body surface area instead of bodyweight?
Because it more localised for the tumour
