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SA Disease Yr2 > Endoparasites > Flashcards

Endoparasites Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

If you don’t know it already, work out what parasite Toxocara canis is, based on the scientific or latin nomenclature.

A
  • Toxocara = roundworm
  • Canis = dog

So… the Dog roundworm!

  • Toxo = Latin for toxon = bow or quiver
  • Caro = flesh = infected through eating raw meat/flesh
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3
Q

What does the prefix Toxo mean in Toxocara canis?

A

Latin for toxon (Toxin)

= bow or quiver
= associated with poison back in the day

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4
Q

What does the suffix cara mean in Toxocara canis?

A

Latin for caro
= flesh
= infected through eating raw meat/flesh
+
Also feed on the ‘flesh’ or rather intestines of the dog

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5
Q

Give an example to when the ‘organ of preference’ helps name a parasite

A
  1. Thelazia = eyeworm
  2. Dirofilaria immitis = heartworm

  • Thelazia = from their family (genus) Thelazidae (also known as thelaziasis or spelled as thelaziosis)
  • Dirofilaria = from the genus Filarioidea
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6
Q

What does the prefix Diro mean in Dirofilaria immitis?

A

Latin for dirus
= fearful or ominous

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7
Q

What does the suffix filaria mean in Dirofilaria immitis?

A

Latin for filum
= thread

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8
Q

Name the 1 main defining
characteristic of the Thelaziidae genus

A

They do not possess a circulatory or respiratory system (like all nematodes)

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9
Q

Name 5 defining characteristics of the Filarioidea genus

A
  1. Slender, thready body
  2. Simple anterior end
  3. Inconspicuouss oral lips
  4. Esophagus lacks a bulbus
  5. Often unequal + dissimilar copulatory spicules in the male

Large superfamily of nematodes

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10
Q

Some parasites are given their common name, due to their distinctive shape.

Name an example of a nematode.

A

Trichuris = Whipworm

From the Trichuridae genus..

Remember the prefix ‘Trich’ can also be used to denote hair too, as this is similar to whip, it suggest a long parasite, such as a worm..

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11
Q

Why is Trichuris, common name ‘Whip-tail’ not an accurate representation of this parasite?

A

Because Trichuris doesn’t have a whip-like tail, it actually has a whip-like head!

(The head invades + attaches to the mucosa of the cecum, colon + rectum)

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12
Q

Name 4 defining characteristics of the Trichuridae genus

A
  1. Live in the intestines of vertebrates
  2. Slender body
  3. Thickened posterior end
  4. Tubular capillary esophagus
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13
Q

Some parasites are given their common name, due to their distinctive shape.

Name 2 examples of a intestinal nematode of dogs + cats.

A
  • Ancylostoma spp caninum = Dog hookworm
  • Uncinaria stenocephala = hookworm
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14
Q

What does the prefix Ancylo in Ancylostoma spp caninum denote?

A

Greek for ankýlos
= bent or crooked

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15
Q

What does the suffix stoma mean in Ancylostoma spp caninum?

A

Stoma = mouth

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16
Q

What does the prefix Unicinaria mean in Uncinaria stenocephala?

A

Latin for Uncinus
= Hook

17
Q

What does the suffix stenocephala mean in Uncinaria stenocephala?

A
  • Steno = latin for stent
    = narrow
  • Ceph = latin for defined + narrow head
18
Q

What does the suffix ‘tode’ usually denote in parasites?

A

Worm

19
Q

What 3 taxonomic groups can be collectively known ass Helminths?
+
What does Helminth mean?

A
  1. Nematodes, Cestodes + Trematodes
  2. Helminth = worm
20
Q
A
21
Q

Name 2 common facultative parasites that often opportunistically enter the host + produce infection

A
  1. Strongyloides worms
  2. Free-living amoebae
22
Q

What wild animal does Angiostrongylus vasourm primarly infect?

A

Foxes

23
Q

What is the common name for Angiostrongylus vasourm?

A

Lungworm

24
Q

Where does Toxocara canis, the roundworm, complete its larval stage within the dog?

A

Within the muscle

25
Q

How are nematodes more commonly known?

A) Thorny-headed worms
B) Roundworms
C) Tapeworms
D) Pentastomids

A

B) Roundworms

26
Q

How are trematodes more commonly known?

A) Flatworms
B) Roundworms
C) Thorny-headed worms
D) Pentastomids

A

A) Flatworms

27
Q

What is the most common roundworm in the UK for cats and dogs?

A) Toxocara spp
B) Ancylostoma spp
C) Uncinaria spp
D) Trichuris vulpis

A

A) Toxocara spp

28
Q

Which of the following is a whipworm?

A) Toxocara spp
B) Ancylostoma spp
C) Uncinaria spp
D) Trichuris vulpis

A

C) Trichuris Vulpis

29
Q

Which of the following parasites is zoonotic?

A) Toxocara canis
B) Toxoplasma gondii
C) Trichinella spiralis
D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

30
Q

Name 2 adult worms that live in the SI in dogs

A
  1. Toxocara canis
  2. Toxascaris leonina
31
Q

Name 2 adult worms that live in the SI in cats

A
  1. Toxocara cati
  2. Toxacaris leonina
32
Q

Name the adult worm that lives in both the SI of the cat + dog

A

Toxocaris leonina

33
Q

Think of 2 for dogs + 2 for cats

What endoparasites can cause Ascariasis infections?

A

Dogs
1. Toxocara canis
2. Toxascaris leonina

Cats
1. Toxocara cati
2. Toxacaris leonina

34
Q

Name 3 possible symptoms of Ascariasis in dogs + cats

A
  1. Respiratory signs (heavily infected)
  2. Inflammation in the intestinal mucosa (Adults)
  3. Inflammation in the Hepatopulmonary tissues (migrating larvae)
35
Q

How many weeks post infection does the host of Toxocara canis pass eggs?

A

4 - 5 weeks

36
Q

How many weeks do the Toxocara canis eggs take to mature in the enivironment?

A

2 weeks > several months

37
Q

How long can Toxocara cains eggs potentially remain viable in the environment for, under optimal conditions?

A

1 year

38
Q

List the process in which Toxocara canis eggs take hold of the host

A

1.Viable, embryonated eggs directly ingested from environment
2. Eggs hatch + escaped larvae enter the wall of the SI
3. Larvae migrate through circulatory system
4. > Through respiartory system
5. Coughed up + swallowed, into mature adult worms > SI
6. Adults lay eggs in the SI + pass out in faeces

39
Q
A

SA Disease Yr2 (24 decks)

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