Neoplasm IV Flashcards
What is Carcinoma in Situ?
What sort of cancer is this applicable to?
Full thickness dysplasia extending from the BM to the surface of the epithelium.
This is applicable to epithelial neoplasms only! (Carcinoma)
CIN 1 denotes what?
1/3 of the dysplasia is confined to the basal epithelium.
This is considered mild displaysia.
CIN 2 denotes what?
This is 2/3 of the dysplasia is confined to the basal epithelium, this is known as moderate dysplasia.
What is severe dysplasia?
Cin 3 in which the entire layering is full of dysplasia, this is just before carcinoma in-situ.
What are three board prefered examples describing dysplasia measurements?
Cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia
Oral leukoplakia
Baretts esophagus
Colon Cancer.
Which forms of Hepatitis will lead to dysplasia?
Hepatitis B or C only in which C will lead to cirrhosis.
AIDS is associated with what sort of neoplasm?
Agressive malignant lymphoma (Non hodgkins)
And
Kaposci Sarcoma
Barrets esophagus is associated with what sort of neoplasm?
Associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Chronic atrophic gastritis, pernicious anemia, and post surgical gastric remnants are associated with what sort of neoplasm?
Gastric adenocarcinoma
Cushings syndrome is associated with what sort of neoplasm?
Small cell lung cancer.
Down syndrome is associated with what sort of neoplasm?
ALL
Acute lymphocytic leukemia and
AML = Acute myeloid leukemia
Hypercalcemia is linked to what sort of neoplasm?
Linked to squamous cell lung cancer.
Polycythemia is linked to what sort of neoplasm?
Renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma.
SIADH is linked to what sort of neoplasm?
Small cell lung cancer
Ulcerative colitis is related to what sort of neoplasm?
Related to Colonic adenocarcinoma.
What are proto-oncogenes responsible for?
Regulation of growth and differentiation, if mutated the proto-oncogene becomes an oncogene and results in overproduction of normal or mutant protein.
What occurs in HST1 oncogene disorder?
Over activation of Fibroblast growth factors leading to over expression and stomach cancer.
What occurs in HGF oncogene disorder?
HGF is over expressed leading to thyroid cancer.
What occurs in a TGF alpha oncogene disorder?
TGF alpha overexpression leads to astrocytomas and hepato cellular carcinomas.
What is ErBB2 (Her-2/NEU) oncogenes related to?
Amplification leading to breast cancer or ovarian cancer.
What is RET oncogenes related to?
Point mutation leading to MEN 2A and 2B familial medullary thyroid carcinomas.
What are GTP binding oncogenes related to?
KRAS, in which there is a point mutation leading to pancreas, colon, and lung cancers.
What are Non-receptor tyrosine kinase oncogenes related to?
ABL due to a transloaction leading to chronic myeloid leukemia and Acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
What are RAS signal transduction oncogenes related to?
Point mutation leadin to melanomas.
What are WNT signal transduction oncogenes related to?
Point mutation or over expression leading to Hepato-blastomas and hepatocellular carcinoma.
What chromosomal transloaction is responsible for Chronic myelogenous leukemia?
c-abl oncogene on chromosome 9 transloacated to chromosome 22
What is the philidalphia chromosome?
Resulting from translocation between chromosome 9 and chromosome 22 increasing tyrosine kinase activity leading to CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA
What chromosomal translocation leads to Burkits Lymphoma?
Translocation between chromosome 8 and 14 C-MYC oncogene.
causes immunoglobulin overproduction.
Over expression of what gene aids in evasion of apoptosis?
Over expression of the BCL-2 gene which prevents leakage of the cytochrome c.
This prevents apoptosis of B-lymphocytes leading to follicular lymphoma.
What chromosomal swap is responsible for chronic myelogenous leukemia?
c-abl swap from 9 to 22.
What occurs if there is an amplification of N-MYC?
Neuroblastoma occurs.
