Neoplasia III Flashcards
The expression of what surface protein aids in metasis?
CD-44 expression on tumor cells seems to aid in the metastisis of tumor cells.
What cancer type is mostly likely to metastasis through the lymphatic system?
This is mostly seen in carcinomas
= Malignant epithelial cell derived cells.
Eventually these will become hematogenous after traveling through the lymphatics.**
What is the sentinel lymph node?
The first lymph node where the cancer is most likely to metastasize to.
What are the four types of carcinomas that may spread
"Hella Fast Race Car" Hepatocarcinoma Follicular carcinoma of the thyroid Choriocarcinoma Renal cell carcinoma.
When observing multiple mass lesions with central areas of umbilication due to ischemia infarction you should be thinking of what?
Should be a dead give away of a metastatic tumor in the liver.
If there is cancer in the lung, is it more or less common that the cancer arose primarily in the lung?
It is more likely that the cancer migrated to the lung due to lymphatics.
the vertebral column is the most common site for what type of cacinoma metastasis?
Most common site for bony metastasis due to the Batson paravertebral venous plexus.
What is the most common side effect of bone metastasis and how is it treated?
Typically is noted as a painful metastasis
Best treated with local radiation!
When thinking of hematogenous spread, what sorts of cancers travel in this way?
Typically seen in Sarcomas more than carcinomas although late carcinomas will spread hematogenously.
Which vessels are easier to penetrate for metastisis and what are often the targets of hematogenously spread sarcomas?
Arteries are much more difficult to penetrate, typically these cancer cells will target the lungs and the liver.
What is unique about Rhabdomyosarcoma?
It is a unique type of Sarcoma as it locally invades rather than spreads via the blood.
Describe what is found clinically in osteoblastic metastasis?
Radio dense loci on x-ray
Increased serum phosphatase (bone growth)
What is the most common type of cancer that leads to osteoblastic metastisis?
Prostate cancer.
Osteolytic metastasis displays what sort of imaging on X-ray?
Displays lcencies in the bone on X-ray (Path fractures)
What tumor produced factors activate osteoclasts in osteolytic metastasis?
What complication can this potentially lead to?
PGE2
Osteoclast activating factor (IL_1)
This leads to potential hypercalcemia.
Where does the primary tumor most likely orignate from when seeing metastasis in the brain?
“LUBGOM”
Lungs> Breast > Genitourinary > Osteosarcoma > Melanoma > GI.
Where did the original tumor travel from in liver metastasis?
Typically from:
Colon > Stomach > Pancrease
Where did the original tumor likely travel from in the bone?
Prostate > Breast > Lung > Thyroid.
Where will stomach adenocarcinoma likely metastasize to?
Likely to metastasize to Virchow’s left supraclavicular node.
Where will renal adenocarcinoma likely metastasize to?
Likely to metastasize to the Lung
Where will Lung cancer likely metastasize to?
Likely to the adrenal glands or liver.
When comparing stage and grading of tumors, which is a more important measurement?
Stage is more important hands down!
In the staging of cancer cells, a T stage denotes what?
Denotes the size of the primary tumor.
In the staging of cancer cells, the N stage denotes what?
The number of nodal involvement
In the staging of cancer cells the M stage denotes what?
Distant metastases
Dukes system staging is used for what?
For colorectal cancer staging.
The Ann Arbor staging system is used for what?
Used for Hodgkin and non hodgkin lymphoma staging!
In men, what are the top three leading causes of cancer death?
Lung and bronchus
Prostate
Colon and Rectum
In women, what are the top three leading causes of cancer death?
Lunch and bronchus
Breast
Colon and Rectum
In males, what are the top three most common forms of cancer?
Prostate
Lung
Colorectal cancers
In females, what are the top four most common forms of cancer?
Breast
Lung
Colon
Rectal
What sort of death rate regarding cancer is higher in Japan than the US?
Gastric cancer is higher in Japan than US.
What sort of cancer is Arsenic likely to cause?
Lung, skin, angiosarcoma of the liver.
What sort of cancer is Asbestos most likely to cause?
Lung
mesothelioma
GIT = Esophagus, stomach, and large intestine.
What sort of cancer is Nickel exposure most likely to cause?
Nose and Lung cancer
What sort of cancer is Radon exposure most likely to cause?
Lung cancer
What sort of cancer is Vinyl chloride most likely to cause?
Angiosarcoma of the liver.
Patients working in industres involving aniline dyes are likely to develop what sort of cancer?
Bladder cancer
Patients are likely to contract mesothelioma under what conditions?
Those who work with abstesos
