Neoplasia I Flashcards
What is the definition of neoplasia?
A clonal proliferation of cells that is uncontrolled and excessive.
What is the definition of a benign tumor?
Neoplasm that grows without invading usually well circumscribed.
What is the definition of a malignant tumor?
Neoplasm that invades and spreads to distant sights.
What is the definition of an intermediate tumor?
Locally invasive but doesnt have the tendancy to metastasis.
What is Hyperplasia?
Meta plasia?
Dysplasia?
Which of these are reversible?
Hyperplasia is increased cell numbers
Metaplasia is one adult cell type replaced by the other often due to irritation.
Dysplasia is the abnormal gorwth with loss of cellular orientation.
all of these are reversible
What is Anaplasia?
Neoplasia
Desmoplasia?
Which of these are reversible?
Anaplasia is loss of structural differentation and function of cells resembling primitive cels of the same tissue. Think “Giant Cells with single large or multi nuclei”
Neoplasm = uncontrolled growth
Desmoplasia is fibrous tissue formation in response to neoplasm
None of these are reversible.
What does the Parenchyma do?
Is responsible for the biological behavior of the tumor.
What do tumors derive there name from?
The parenchyma composed of the monoclonial neoplastic cells.
What is the Stroma responsible for?
Responsible for the growth and spread of the tumor and can be rated Hard, Soft, or Rubbery.
What are Benign glands ad epithelial cells called?
Adenoma
And
Papilloma
What are malignant epithelial cells called?
Malignant mesenchymal tissue?
Carcinoma
and
Sarcoma suffix added
Whats the name used for a benign tumor from a smooth muscle cell?
Leiomyoma
What is a cystadenoma?
An adenoma with cavities or cysts
What sort of tumor is papilloma?
This is a benign tumor which produced finger-like warty projections from the epithelium in the bladder, or skin.
What is the difference of origin between leukemia and lymphoma?
Leukemias come from hematopoietic cells
Lymphomas originate from the lymphoid tissues
Describe Lymphoma
Malignant tumor from the lymph nodes or lymph tissue. Most non Hodgkins lymphoma with the stomach being the most common extranodal site.
Describe Leukemia
Malignant tumor from the bone marrow stem cells
What is the most common childhood leukema and malignant tumor?
ALL
Acute Lymphoid
What is a Teratoma?
Tumor composed of more than one parenchymal cell type derived from more than one germ layer.
However, all these cells arise from one single clone capable of producing all these cell types.
What is the difference between a mature teratoma and an immature teratoma?
MAture teratoma is a benign condition
An immature teratoma is a malignant condition “Teratocarcinoma”
What are some of the malignant tumors that break the rule and have the suffix oma
Melanoma Lymphoma Seminoma Hepatoma Astrocytoma
What are some of the Non-neoplastic lesions with the suffix oma?
Granuloma
Hematoma
Hamartoma
Choristoma
What four carcinomas break the rule by traveling hematogenously instead of the normal lymphatic travel?
Renal cell CA often invading the renal vein
Hepatocellular CA often invades hepatic vein
Follicular CA of thyroid
Choriocarcinoma
What is the definition of Choristoma?
Ectopic rest of normal tissue / normal tissue in a foreign location.
This is not a tumor!
What is the definition of a Hamartoma?
Non-neoplastic tumor-like lesion with disorganized and haphazard growth of tissues normally found at a given site.
Examples: Pulmonary hamartoma, Peutz-Jeghers polyp
What is Peutz-Jeghers syndrome?
A hereditary intestinal polyposis syndrome (type of hamartoma)
Autosomal dominant genetic disease charactertized by the development of benign hamartamatous polyps in the GI tract + hyperpigmented macules (lips + oral mucosa)
When looking at Neoplasms and Non-neoplastic proliferations, which are monoclonal and which are polyclonal?
All neoplasms are monoclonal both benign and malignant.
Non-neoplastic proliferations are polyclonal (derived from multiple cells)
What are the four criteria used to determine benign or malignant?
Rate of growth
Differentiation
Local invasion
Metastasis
