Neoplasia Terms Flashcards
Atrophy
Reactive cellular changes
DEC in tissue mass due to DEC in size and/or number of cells
Causes include disuse, denervation, loss of blood supply, loss of hormonal stimulation, poor nutrition.
Hypertrophy
Reactive cellular changes
INC in size of cells
Hyperplasia
Reactive cellular changes
INC in number of cells
May be a risk factor for future malignancy (eg, endometrial hyperplasia) but
*not considered premalignant.
Metaplasia
Reactive cellular changes
Replacement of one cell type by another
Usually due to exposure to an irritant, such as gastric acid or cigarette smoke
Reversible if the irritant is removed but may undergo malignant transformation with persistent insult (eg, Barrett esophagus–>esophageal adenocarcinoma).
Neoplasia
Preneoplastic and neoplastic cellular changes
Uncontrolled, clonal proliferation of cells
Can be benign or malignant
Dysplasia
Preneoplastic and neoplastic cellular changes
Disordered, non-neoplastic cell growth
Used only with *epithelial cells
Mild dysplasia is usually
reversible
severe dysplasia usually progresses to *carcinoma in situ.
Differentiation
Preneoplastic and neoplastic cellular changes
The degree to which a malignant tumor resembles its tissue of origin
Well-differentiated tumors
closely resemble their tissue of origin
poorly differentiated look almost nothing like their tissue of origin.
Anaplasia
Preneoplastic and neoplastic cellular changes
Complete lack of differentiation of cells in a malignant neoplasm
