Neoplasia - Grading & Staging Tumors Flashcards
1
Q
How is staging obtained?
A
Clinically (ex. physical exam, chest X-ray, MRI etc) via Global TNM system
2
Q
What is staging useful for?
A
Useful for treatment
3
Q
TxNxMx?
A
Can’t be assessed
4
Q
What does the 1. T 2.N 3. M stand for in the TNM system?
A
- tumor size
- regional lymph node (Not # of nodes, but measures the degree of involvement)
- metastasis
5
Q
How is grading obtained?
A
Histologically (stain, look under a microscope)
6
Q
Is grading subjective or objective?
A
Subjective
7
Q
Grading = 1-4 what does 1 represent and what does 4 represent?
A
1 = restrictive growth to 4=extensive growth
8
Q
What does a higher grade indicate?
A
More anaplasia = the worse the outcome (looking @ increased displays of anaplasia)
9
Q
What does Tis stand for? (is = lower subscript)
A
“In Situ” - in patients original position [tumor hasn’t invaded]
