Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathophysiology > Atheroschlerosis > Flashcards

Atheroschlerosis Flashcards

1
Q

Athero-?

A

Soft, paste like material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

-Sclerosis?

A

stiffening, hardening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

-osis?

A

Formation, deposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Atherosclerosis?

A

Appearance of soft material and its deposition, resulting in stiffened vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where does the lesion formation occur?

A

In the intima of large arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  1. What is another name for tunica externa?
  2. What tissue does it consist of?
  3. function?
A
  1. Adventitia
  2. outermost layer ; collagen & elastic
  3. Anchors artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  1. What tissue does the tunica media consist of?

2. Function?

A
  1. Middle layer ; smooth muscle & elastic

2. vasodilation & vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  1. What tissue does the tunica intima consist of?

2. Function?

A
  1. innermost layer ; simple squamous

2. reduces friction ; where the atheroma/lesion forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where does atherosclerosis occur?

A

In larger arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What occurs in atherosclerosis?

A

Development of lesions in the intimate of the vessel -> lesion stretches the vessel wall & slowly closes off the lumen (lumen is no longer patent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What occurs when 50% patency occurs?

A

You have compromised perfusion -> Ischemia -> infarction (necrosis that occurs from Ischemia) & ischemic pain (eg. angina)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Atheroma?

A

Lesion (deposited on vessel wall, not in lumen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is an atheroma made of?

A

Fat lipids & fibrous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What occurs to the tissue distal to the occlusion?

A

It suffers damage -> peripheral vascular disease, myocardial infarction, stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many deaths is atherosclerosis accountable for?

A

32%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 3 stages of the lesions?

A
  1. Fatty streak
  2. Fibrous Atheromatous Plaque/Calcification
  3. Complicated lesion
17
Q

What is a fatty streak?

A

It is discolouration on the wall of the vessel (yellowish streak)

18
Q

What cells is a fatty streak compromised of?

A

Macrophages, lipids, foam cells and smooth muscle cells

19
Q

When a lesion is just developing, is the pt symptomatic/asymptomatic?

A

asymptomatic

20
Q

Fibrous Atheromatous Plaque/Calcification?

A

Accumulation of calcium crystals from necrotic cells

21
Q

What forms on the vessel during the second stage (fibrous atheromatous plaque/calcification)?

A

Scar tissue

22
Q

What is the lesion considered now?

A

a “clinical lesion” -> pt presents with manifestations

23
Q

Complicated lesion?

A

hemorrhaging into the plaque (bleeding into lesion)

24
Q

What occurs as a result of a complicated lesion?

A

Lesion develops into a thrombus

25
Q

What are the 4 main steps that occur in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis?

A
  1. Endothelial cell injury
  2. Migration of inflammatory cells
  3. Lipid accumulation and smooth muscle cell proliferation
  4. Plaque structure
26
Q

What are the risk factors associated with atherosclerosis?

A
  • smoking
  • elevated LDL levels
  • immune mechanisms
  • mechanical stress associated with hypertension
27
Q

What occurs in the “endothelial cell injury” phase of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis?

A
  • Late 20s, early 30s subtle changes begin to occur that effect the endothelial lining in the vessels
  • CRP levels in increase
28
Q

What occurs in the “migration of inflammatory cells” phase of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis?

A

Monocytes & other inflammatory cells attach to the surface of the endothelium with adhesion molecules. After monocytes adhere to epithelium, they migrate from the endothelial cells to the intima and transform into macrophages.

29
Q

What occurs in the “lipid accumulation and smooth muscle proliferation” phase of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis?

A

activated macrophages release toxic oxygen species that oxidize lipids (mostly LDLs) forming free radicals that damage the walls of vessels, which attract platelets -> clot inside lumen forms. Macrophages then engulf the oxidized lipids to become foam cells. Foam cells release growth factors that contribute to smooth muscle proliferation and migration.

30
Q

Explain why “macrophages engulf the oxidized lipids….” is considered protective.

A

Because it removes excess lipids from circulation however, this accumulation eventually leads to lesion progression

31
Q

What do foam cells release?

A

Growth factors that contribute to smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration.

Pathophysiology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions