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Step 1 > Neoplasia Facts > Flashcards

Neoplasia Facts Flashcards

1
Q

ALK

A

Oncogene
Gene Product: Receptor tyrosine kinase
Associated Neoplasm: Lung adenocarcinoma

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2
Q

BCR-ABL

A

Oncogene
Gene Product: Tyrosine kinase
Associated Neoplasm: CML, ALL

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3
Q

BCL-2

A

Oncogene
Gene Product: Anti-apoptotic molecule (inhibits apoptosis)
Associated Neoplasm: Follicular and diffuse large B cell lymphomas

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4
Q

BRAF

A

Oncogene
Gene Product: Serine/threonine kinase
Associated Neoplasm: Melanoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma

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5
Q

c-KIT

A

Oncogene
Gene Product: Cytokine receptor
Associated Neoplasm: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)

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6
Q

c-MYC

A

Oncogene
Gene Product: Transcription factor
Associated Neoplasm: Burkitt lymphoma

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7
Q

HER2/neu (c-erbB2)

A

Oncogene
Gene Product: Tyrosine kinase
Associated Neoplasm: Breast and gastric carcinomas

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8
Q

JAK2

A

Oncogene
Gene Product: Tyrosine kinase
Associated Neoplasm: Chronic myeloproliferative disorders

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9
Q

KRAS

A

Oncogene
Gene Product: GTPase
Associated Neoplasm: Colon cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer

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10
Q

MYCL1

A

Oncogene
Gene Product: Transcription factor
Associated Neoplasm: Lung tumor

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11
Q

MYCN

A

Oncogene
Gene Product: Transcription factor
Associated Neoplasm: Neuroblastoma

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12
Q

RET

A

Oncogene
Gene Product: Tyrosine kinase
Associated Neoplasm: MEN2A and 2B, medullary thyroid cancer

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13
Q

APC

A

Tumor Suppressor Gene

Associated Neoplasm: Colorectal cancer (associated with FAP)

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14
Q

BRCA1/BRCA2

A

Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene Product: DNA repair protein
Associated Neoplasm: Breast and ovarian cancer

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15
Q

CDKN2A

A

Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene Product: p16, blocks G1 –> S phase
Associated Neoplasm: Melanoma, pancreatic cancer

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16
Q

DCC

A

Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene Product: DCC (Deleted in Colon Cancer)
Associated Neoplasm: Colon cancer

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17
Q

DPC4/SMAD4

A

Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene Product: DPC (Deleted in Pancreatic Cancer)
Associated Neoplasm: Pancreatic cancer

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18
Q

MEN1

A

Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene Product: Menin
Associated Neoplasm: MEN 1

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19
Q

NF1

A

Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene Product: Ras GTPase activating protein (neurofibromin)
Associated Neoplasm: NeuroFibromatosis Type 1

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20
Q

NF2

A

Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene Product: Merlin (schwannomin) protein
Associated Neoplasm: NeuroFibromatosis Type 2

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21
Q

PTEN

A

Tumor Suppressor Gene

Associated Neoplasm: Breast cancer, prostate cancer, endometrial cancer

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22
Q

Rb

A

Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene Product: Inhibits E2F, blocks G1 –> S phase
Associated Neoplasm: Retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma

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23
Q

TP53

A

Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene Product: p53, activates p21, blocks G1 –> S phase
Associated Neoplasm: Most human cancers, Li-Fraumeni syndrome

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24
Q

TSC1

A

Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene Product: Hamartin protein
Associated Neoplasm: Tuberous sclerosis

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25
Q

TSC2

A

Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene Product: Tuberin protein
Associated Neoplasm: Tuberous sclerosis

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26
Q

VHL

A

Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene Product: Inhibits hypoxia inducible factor 1a
Associated Neoplasm: Von Hippel-Lindau disease, renal cell carcinoma

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27
Q

WT1/WT2

A

Tumor Suppressor Gene

Associated Neoplasm: Wilms Tumor (nephroblastoma)

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28
Q

EBV

A

Associated Cancer: Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, nasopahryngeal carcinoma, primary CNS lymphoma (in immunocompromised patients)

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29
Q

HBV/HCV

A

Associated Cancer: Hepatocellular carcinoma, lymphoma

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30
Q

HHV-8

A

Associated Cancer: Kaposi sarcoma

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31
Q

HPV

A

Associated Cancer: Cervical and penile/anal carcinoma (types 16, 18) Head and neck cancer

32
Q

H pylori

A

Associated Cancer: Gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma

33
Q

HTLV-1

A

Associated Cancer: Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

34
Q

Liver fluke (Clonorchis sinensis)

A

Associated Cancer: Cholangiocarcinoma

35
Q

Schistosoma haematobium

A

Associated Cancer: Bladder cancer (squamous cell)

36
Q

t(15;17)

A

APL (M3 type of AML)

37
Q

Acanthosis nigricans

A

Paraneoplastic Syndrome

38
Q

Sign of Leser-Trelat

A

Paraneoplastic Syndrome

39
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Paraneoplastic Syndrome

40
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

Paraneoplastic Syndrome

41
Q

Acanthosis nigricans

A

Paraneoplastic Syndrome
MOA: Hyperpigmented velvety plaques in axilla and neck
Associated Cancer: Gastric adenocarcinoma and other visceral malignancies (but more commonly associated with obesity and insulin resistance)

42
Q

Sign of Leser-Trelat

A

Paraneoplastic Syndrome
MOA: Sudden onset of multiple seborrheic keratoses
Associated Cancer: GI adenocarcinomas and other visceral malignancies

43
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Paraneoplastic Syndrome
MOA: PTHrP
Associated Cancer: Squamous cell carcinomas of the lung, head, and neck; renal, bladder, breast, and ovarian carcinomas
MOA: Increased 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 (Calcitriol)
Associated Cancer: Lymphoma

44
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

Paraneoplastic Syndrome
MOA: Increased ACTH
Associated Cancer: Small cell lung cancer

45
Q

Hyponatremia (SIADH)

A

Paraneoplastic Syndrome
MOA: Increased ADH
Associated Cancer: Small cell lung cancer

46
Q

Polycythemia

A

Paraneoplastic Syndrome
MOA: Increased EPO
Associated Cancer: Renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, hemangioblastoma, pheochromocytoma, leiomyoma

47
Q

Pure red cell aplasia

A

Paraneoplastic Syndrome
MOA: Anemia with low reticulocytes
Associated Cancer: Thymoma

48
Q

Good syndrome

A

Paraneoplastic Syndrome
MOA: Hypogammaglobulinemia
Associated Cancer: Thymoma

49
Q

Trousseau syndrome

A

Paraneoplastic Syndrome
MOA: Migratory superficial thrombophlebitis
Associated Cancer: Adenocarcinomas, especially pancreatic

50
Q

Nonbacterial thrombotic (marantic) andocarditis

A

Paraneoplastic Syndrome
MOA: Deposition of sterile platelet thrombi on heart valves
Associated Cancer: Adenocarcinomas, especially pancreatic

51
Q

Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis

A

Paraneoplastic Syndrome
MOA: Psychiatric disturbance, memory deficits, seizures, dyskinesias, autonomic instability, language dysfunction
Associated Cancer: Ovarian teratoma

52
Q

Opsoclonus-myoclonus ataxia syndrome

A

Paraneoplastic Syndrome
MOA: “dancing eyes, dancing feet”
Associated Cancer: Neuroblastoma (children), small cell lung cancer (adults)

53
Q

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degenration

A

Paraneoplastic Syndrome
MOA: Antibodies against Hu, Yo, and Tr antigens in Purkinje cells
Associated Cancer: Small cell lung cancer, gynecologic and breast cancers, and Hodgkin lymphoma

54
Q

Paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis

A

Paraneoplastic Syndrome
MOA: Antibodies against Hu antigens in neurons
Associated Cancer: Small cell lung cancer

55
Q

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome

A

Paraneoplastic Syndrome
MOA: Antibodies against presynaptic (P/Q-type) Ca2+ channels at NMJ
Associated Cancer: Small cell lung cancer

56
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

Paraneoplastic Syndrome
MOA: Antibodies against postsynaptic AChR and NMJ
Associated Cancer: Thymoma

57
Q

CAG repeats

A

Huntington Disease. Caudate has decreased Ach and Gaba

58
Q

CTG repeats

A

Mytonic Dystrophy. Cataracts, Toupee (early balding in men), Gonadal atrophy

59
Q

CGG repeats

A

Fragile X syndrome. Chin (protruding), Giant Gonads

60
Q

GAA repeats

A

Friedreich Ataxia. Ataxic GAAit.

61
Q

Disorders on Chromosome 3

A
  • von Hippel-Lindau Disease

* Renal Cell Carcinoma

62
Q

Disorders on Chromosome 4

A
  • ADPKD (PKD2)
  • Achondroplasia
  • Huntington Disease
63
Q

Disorders on Chromosome 5

A
  • Cri-du-chat syndrome

* Familial Adenomatous Polyposis

64
Q

Disorders on Chromosome 6

A
  • Hemochromatosis (HFE)
65
Q

Disorders on Chromosome 7

A
  • Williams Syndrome

* Cystic Fibrosis

66
Q

Disorders on Chromosome 9

A
  • Friedreich Ataxia
67
Q

Disorders on Chromosome 11

A
  • Wilms Tumor

* β-globin gene defects (ex. sickle cell disease, β-thalassemia, MEN1)

68
Q

Disorders on Chromosome 13

A
  • Patau Syndrome
  • Wilson Disease
  • Retinoblastoma (RB1)
  • BRCA2
69
Q

Disorders on Chromosome 15

A
  • Prader-Willi Syndrome
  • Angelman Syndrome
  • Marfan Syndrome
70
Q

Disorders on Chromosome 16

A
  • ADPKD (PKD1)

* α-globin gene defects (α-thalassemia)

71
Q

Disorders on Chromosome 17

A
  • Neurofibromatosis type 1
  • BRCA1
  • p53
72
Q

Disorders on Chromosome 18

A
  • Edwards Syndrome
73
Q

Disorders on Chromosome 21

A
  • Down Syndrome
74
Q

Disorders on Chromosome 22

A
  • Neurofibromatosis Type 2

* DiGeorge syndrome (22q11)

75
Q

Disorders on Chromosome X

A
  • Fragile X Syndrome
  • X-linked Agammaglobulinemia
  • Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY)

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