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Step 1 > Cytokines and CD molecules > Flashcards

Cytokines and CD molecules Flashcards

1
Q

IL-1

A

Secreted by: Macrophages
Also called osteoclast-activating factor. Causes fever, acute inflammation. Activates endothelium to express adhesion molecules. Induces chemokine secretion to recruit WBCs.

Hot T-bone stEAK: 
IL-1: fever (hot)
IL-2: stimulates T cells
IL-3: stimulates bone marrow
IL-4: stimulates IgE production
IL-5: stimulates IgA production
IL-6: stimulates aKute-phase protein production
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2
Q

IL-6

A

Secreted by: Macrophages
Causes fever and stimulates production of acute-phase proteins

Hot T-bone stEAK: 
IL-1: fever (hot)
IL-2: stimulates T cells
IL-3: stimulates bone marrow
IL-4: stimulates IgE production
IL-5: stimulates IgA production
IL-6: stimulates aKute-phase protein production
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3
Q

IL-8

A

Secreted by: Macrophages
Major chemotactic factor for neutrophils

“Clean up on aisle 8.” Neutrophils are recruited by IL-8 to clear infections

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4
Q

IL-12

A

Secreted by: Macrophages

Induces differentiation of T cells into Th1 cells. Activates NK cells.

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5
Q

TNF-α

A

Secreted by: Macrophages
Mediates septic shock. Activates endothelium. Causes WBC recruitment, vascular leak.

Causes cachexia in malignancy.

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6
Q

IL-2

A

Secreted by: all T cells
Stimulates growth of helper, cytotoxic, and regulatory T cells, and NK cells

Hot T-bone stEAK: 
IL-1: fever (hot)
IL-2: stimulates T cells
IL-3: stimulates bone marrow
IL-4: stimulates IgE production
IL-5: stimulates IgA production
IL-6: stimulates aKute-phase protein production
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7
Q

IL-3

A

Secreted by: all T cells
Supports growth and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells. Functions like GM-CSF

Hot T-bone stEAK: 
IL-1: fever (hot)
IL-2: stimulates T cells
IL-3: stimulates bone marrow
IL-4: stimulates IgE production
IL-5: stimulates IgA production
IL-6: stimulates aKute-phase protein production
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8
Q

INF-γ

A

Secreted by: Th1 cells
Secreted by NK cells and T cells in response to IL-12 from macrophages; stimulates macrophages to kill phagocytosed pathogens. Inhibits differentiation of Th2 cells .

Also activates NK cells to kill virus-infected cells. Increases MHC expression and antigen presentation by all cells

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9
Q

IL-4

A 
Secreted by: Th2 cells 
Induces differentiation of T cells into Th2 cells. Promotes growth of B cells. Enhances class switching to IgE and IgG
Hot T-bone stEAK: 
IL-1: fever (hot)
IL-2: stimulates T cells
IL-3: stimulates bone marrow
IL-4: stimulates IgE production
IL-5: stimulates IgA production
IL-6: stimulates aKute-phase protein production
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10
Q

IL-5

A 
Secreted by: Th2 cells 
Promotes growth and differentiation of B cells. Enhances class switching to IgA. Stimulates growth and differentiation of eosinophils
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11
Q

IL-10

A 
Secreted by: Th2 cells
Attenuates inflammatory response. Decreases expression of MHC class II and Th1 cytokines. Inhibits activated macrophages and dendritic cells. Also secreted by regulatory T cells

TGF-β and IL-10 both atTENuate the immune response

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12
Q

all T cell surface proteins

A

TCR (binds antigen-MHC complex)
CD3 (associated with TCR for signal transduction)
CD28 (bind B7 on APC)
CXCR4/CCR5 (co-receptor for HIV)

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13
Q

Helper T cell surface proteins

A

all T cell surface proteins +:
CD4 (co-receptor for MHC-II)
CD40L (CD154) (activation of B cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells; ligand for CD40)

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14
Q

Cytotoxic T cell surface proteins

A

all T cell surface proteins +:

CD8 (co-receptor for MHC-I)

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15
Q

Regulatory T cell surface proteins

A

all T cell surface proteins +:
CD4 (co-receptor for MHC-II)
CD25 (Binds IL-2 and promotes responses to low concentrations of IL-2)

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16
Q

B cell surface proteins

A

Ig (binds antigen)
CD19 (B cell activations; forms a co-receptor complex with CD21 and CD81 that delivers signals that synergize with signals from B cell antigen receptor complex)
CD20 (Role in B cell activation or regulation; Ca2+ ion channel)
CD21 (receptor for EBV)
CD40 (Binds CD154/CD40L. Role in helper T cell mediated activation of B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells)
MHC II (Presentation of foreign antigens)
B7 (Co-stimulator for T lymphocyte activation; ligand for CD28 and CD152 aka CTLA-4)

17
Q

Macrophage surface proteins

A

CD14 (receptor for PAMPs, ex. LPS)
CD40 (Binds CD154/CD40L. Role in helper T cell mediated activation of B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells)
CCR5 (co-receptor for HIV)
MHC II (Presentation of foreign antigens)
B7 (CD80/86) (Co-stimulator for T lymphocyte activation; ligand for CD28 and CD152 aka CTLA-4)
Fc and C3b receptors (for enhanced phagocytosis)

18
Q

NK cell surface proteins

A

CD16 (binds Fc of IgG)

CD56 (unique marker for NK)

19
Q

Hematopoietic stem cell surface proteins

A

CD34 (role in cell-cell adhesion)

20
Q

PDGF

A

Secreted by activated platelets and macrophages. Induces vascular remodeling and smooth muscle cell migration. Simulates fibroblast growth for collagen synthesis

21
Q

FGF

A

Stimulates angiogenesis

22
Q

EGF

A

Stimulates cell growth vis tyrosine kinases (ex. EGFR/ErbB1)

23
Q

TGF-β

A

Angiogenesis, fibrosis, cell cycle arrest.

Inhibitory cytokine that is involved in dampening the immune response. Found in excess in Keloid scars.

24
Q

Metalloproteinases

A

Tissue remodeling

25
Q

VEGF

A

Stimulates angiogenesis

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