Neoplasia

Question 1

Parenchyma

tumor component

Answer 1

Neoplastic cells
Determine biologic behavior
Source for the name of the neoplasm
Neuroectodermal, epithelial, or mesencymal

Question 2

Stroma

tumor component

Answer 2

Connective tissue, blood vessels, immune system cells

Support growth and spread of neoplasm

Question 3

Fibrous Tissue

Answer 3

Mesenchyme
Benign: Fibroma
Malignant: Fibrosarcoma

Question 4

Chondroid (cartilage)

Answer 4

Mesenchyme
Benign: Chondroma
Malignant: Chondrosarcoma

Question 5

Osteoid (bone)

Answer 5

Mesenchyme
Benign: Osteoma
Malignant: Osteosarcoma

Question 6

Blood vessels

Answer 6

Mesenchyme
Benign: Hemangioma
Malignant: Angiosarcoma

Question 7

Smooth Muscle

Answer 7

Mesenchyme
Benign: Leiomyoma
Malignant: Leimyosarcoma

Question 8

Skeletal Muscle

Answer 8

Mesenchyme
Benign: Rhabdomyoma
Malignant: Rhadbomyosarcoma

Question 9

Lymphoid tissue

Answer 9

Mesenchyme

Malignant: Lymphoma

Question 10

Hematopoietic cells

Answer 10

Mesenchyme

Malignant: Leukemia

Question 11

Stratified squamous cells

Answer 11

Epithelium
Benign: Squamous papilloma
Malignant: Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 12

Epithelial lining of gland of ducts

Answer 12

Epithelium
Benign: Adenoma
Malignant: Adenocarcinoma

Question 13

Dysplasia

Answer 13

Disordered growth
Primarily in epithelium
Mutations lead to cytologic and architectural changes in epithelial cells
DOES NOT PENETRATASE BASEMENT MEMBRANE
May regress (ie smoking)

Question 14

RAS

Answer 14

Most commonly mutated proto-oncogene
Bind GTP (active) and GDP (inactive)
Active form stimulates downstream regulators of proliferation (cyclases)

Question 15

RB

Answer 15

Governor of the cell cycle
1st tumor suppressor gene discovered
When it is inhibited it cannot prevent E2F from moving the cells from G1 to S phase

Question 16

p53

Answer 16

Guardian of the genome
Most commonly mutated gene in cancers
Causes quiescence, senescence, apoptosis

Question 17

Extrinsic Death-Receptor Pathway

Answer 17

Fas- Death receptor
Caspases 8-9 initiators
Other caspases are executioners
Responsible for elimination of self-reactive lymphocytes

Question 18

Paraneoplastic syndrome

Answer 18

Symptom complexes that cannot be explained by local or distant spread
Hormone elaboration not indigenous to tumor parenchyma

Question 19

Grading

Answer 19

Based on cytologic differentiation of the tumor cells, to estimate the aggressiveness of the tumor

• Degree of cellular differentiation
• Degree of cellular pleomorphism
• Degree of loss of normal architecture
• Mitotic index

Question 20

Staging

Answer 20

Size of tumor
Extend of spread to lymph nodes
Presence of absence of metastasis

This is used more than grading