Cytokines in inflammation

Question 1

TNF

acute

Answer 1

Sources: macrophages, mast cells, T lymphocytes
Actions: stimulates expression of endothelial adhesion molecules and secretion of other cytokines; systemic effects

Question 2

IL-1

acute

Answer 2

Sources: macrophages, endothelial cells, some epithelium
Actions: stimulates expression of endothelial adhesion molecules and secretion of other cytokines; greater role in fever

Question 3

IL-6

acute

Answer 3

Sources: macrophages
Actions: systemic effects (acute phase response)

Question 4

Chemokines

acute

Answer 4

Sources: macrophages, endothelial cells, T lymphocytes, mast cells
Actions: recruitment of leukocytes to sites of inflammation; migration of cells in normal tissues

Question 5

IL-17

acute

Answer 5

Sources: T lymphocytes
Actions: recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes

Question 6

IL-12

chronic

Answer 6

Sources: dendritic cells, macrophages
Actions: increased production of IFN-gamma

Question 7

IFN-gamma

chronic

Answer 7

Sources: T lymphocytes, NK cells
Actions: activation of macrophages (increased ability to kill microbes and tumor cells)

Question 8

IL-17

chronic

Answer 8

Sources: T lymphocytes
Actions: recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes