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MHD > Clinical Introduction to Renal Disease > Flashcards

Clinical Introduction to Renal Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Normal urine pH

A

7.35-7.45

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2
Q

Normal urine pH

A

7.35-7.45

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3
Q

Acidemia

A

7.35-7.4

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4
Q

Alkalemia

A

7.4-7.45

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5
Q

Acidosis

A
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6
Q

Alkalosis

A

> 7.45

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7
Q

Normal urine output

A

1.5L/24 hours

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8
Q

Oliguria

A
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9
Q

Anuria

A

Absence of urine output

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10
Q

Polyuria

A

> 3 L/24 hours

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11
Q

Azotemia

A

Elevation in renal indices

BUN (technically)

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12
Q

Uremia

A

Syndrome
Accompanies kidney failure
Usually when advanced/severe
Fatigue, anorexia, nausea, mental status changes, itching
Serositis (pericarditis, pleural effusions)
Platelet dysfunction (anemia)

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13
Q

Acute decline in renal function

A

Old school: Acute Renal Failure (ARF)

New: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

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14
Q

Chronic decline in renal function

A

Old school: Chronic Renal Insufficiency (CRI)/ Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)
New: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

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15
Q

Most advanced renal dysfunction

A

Still called End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)

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16
Q

AKI

A

Acute Kidney Injury

Abrupt (within 48 hours) reduction in kidney function

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17
Q

CKD

A

Chronic Kidney Disease
Progressive decline in GFR over time
Duration at least 3 months
with or w/o albuminuria

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18
Q

Stage 2 CKD

A

Kideny damage with mild decrease in GFR 60-89

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19
Q

Stage 2 CKD

A

Kideny damage with mild decrease in GFRY 60-89

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20
Q

Stage 3 CKD

A

Moderate decrease in GFR 30-59

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21
Q

Stage 5 CKD

A

Kidney failure GFR

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22
Q

Stage 5 CKD

A
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23
Q

Acidemia

A

7.35-7.4

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24
Q

Alkalemia

A

7.4-7.45

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25
Q

Acidosis

26
Q

Alkalosis

27
Q

Normal urine output

A

1.5L/24 hours

28
Q

Oliguria

29
Q

Anuria

A

Absence of urine output

30
Q

Polyuria

A

> 3 L/24 hours

31
Q

Nephritic Syndrome

A 
INFLAMMATORY renal biopsy
Active urinary sediment (hematuria, dysmorphic RBCs, RBC casts)
Variable proteinuria
Azotemia, oliguria
Mild/moderate HTN
32
Q

Uremia

A

Syndrome
Accompanies kidney failure
Usually when advanced/severe
Fatigue, anorexia, nausea, mental status changes, itching
Serositis (pericarditis, pleural effusions)
Platelet dysfunction (anemia)

33
Q

Acute decline in renal function

A

Old school: Acute Renal Failure (ARF)

New: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

34
Q

Chronic decline in renal function

A

Old school: Chronic Renal Insufficiency (CRI)/ Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)
New: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

35
Q

Most advanced renal dysfunction

A

Still called End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)

36
Q

AKI

A

Acute Kidney Injury

Abrupt (within 48 hours) reduction in kidney function

37
Q

CKD

A

Chronic Kidney Disease
Progressive decline in GFR over time
Duration at least 3 months
with or w/o albuminuria

38
Q

Stage 1 CKD

A

Kidney damage with normal or increased GFR >90

39
Q

Stage 2 CKD

A

Kideny damage with mild decrease in GFRY 60-89

40
Q

Stage 3 CKD

A

Moderate decrease in GFR 30-59

41
Q

Stage 4 CKD

A

Severe decrease in GFR 15-29

42
Q

Stage 5 CKD

43
Q

Normal Urinary Protein

44
Q

Nephrotic Range Proteinuria

A

Nephrosis

> 3-3.5 g/24 hours

45
Q

Nephrolithiasis

A

Kidney stone
Present with moderate to severe colic
Calcium oxalate and Ca phosphate
Kidney’s defense system causes ducts to contract to try and expel the stone, this is what causes the pain

46
Q

Epithelial Casts

A

Muddy brown casts

Acute tubular necrosis

47
Q

Fatty Casts

A

Lipiduria

Usually seen in nephrotic syndrome

48
Q

Granular Casts

A

Chronic kidney disease

Nonspecific finding otherwise

49
Q

Hyaline Casts

A

Dehydration
Exercise
Diuretic therapy

50
Q

Waxy Casts

A

Advanced kidney disease

51
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome

A 
> 3-3.5 mg/24 hours protein
Hypoalbuminemia
Peripheral edema
Hyperlipidemia (liver tries to compensate for decreased oncotic pressure by making more lipids)
Thrombophilia
Bland urinary sediment
NONINFLAMMATORY renal biopsy
52
Q

Nephritic Syndrome

A 
INFLAMMATORY renal biopsy
Active urinary sediment (hematuria, dysmorphic RBCs, RBC casts)
Variable proteinuria
Azotemia, oliguria
Mild/moderate HTN
53
Q

Intracellular Water

A

2/3 of TBW

54
Q

Extracellular Water

55
Q

Interstitial Space

56
Q

Plasma Volume

A

1/4 of ECW

57
Q

Intravenous Crystalloid solutions

A

Disperse across ECW
0.9% Normal Saline is used in internal medicine
Lactated Ringer’s Solution is used in surgery

58
Q

Intravenous Colloid solutions

A

Tend to remain in plasma volume
Packed RBCs
Albumin
Synthetic solutions (costly and often impractical)

59
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Regulates HGB/HCT concentration

60
Q

Vitamin D

A

Regulates Ca absorption

Maintains normal levels of Ca and phosphorus

61
Q

Chronic Erythropoietin Deficiency

A

Advanced Kidney Disease
Anemia of chronic disease, typically normocytic
Iron transport/storage dysregulation also contributes

62
Q

Chronic Hyperphosphatemia

A

Decreased renal activation of vitamin D3
Hyperparathyroidism
Renal Osteodystrophy

MHD (34 decks)

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