Neoplasia 1

Question 1

Deaths in Australia: ___% are caused by malignancy?

Answer 1

30%

Question 2

What are the ‘Big 5’ cancers?

Answer 2

Prostate
colorectal
breast
melanoma
lung

Question 3

Cancer by definition is?

Answer 3

Malignant

Question 4

Neoplasia is an umbrella term to cover what?

Answer 4

cancer, benign lesions, etc.

Question 5

does a tumour have to be neoplastic?

Answer 5

not necessarily but nowadays it’s synonamous with neoplasm

Question 6

2 main groups of neoplasms:

Answer 6

benign
malignant
Spectrum between these two extremes

Question 7

What are other features that enable progression of neoplasm besides immortality?

Answer 7

immune evasion
evade growth suppressors
angiogenesis

Question 8

Leading cancers in men and women?

Answer 8

prostate and breast

Question 9

Wilm’s tumour affects what organ in kids?

Answer 9

kidney

Question 10

Paediatric cancers: 3 examples

Answer 10

leukemias
brain tumors
retinoblastoma
lymphomas, bone cancers

Question 11

describe Benign cancers

Answer 11

local
slow
well circumscribed(usually)
well differentiated cells
can't metastisize

Question 12

Can benign tumours be life threatening?

Answer 12

rarely, in brain could raise intracranial pressure

Question 13

describe Malignant Tumours’ growth:

Answer 13

invassive destructive growth

Question 14

Malignant Tumours cirumscription?

Answer 14

poorly circumscribed

Question 15

What do Malignant Tumours introduce in the stroma as they invade?

Answer 15

desmoplasia

Question 16

Why would you sometimes get Necrosis in a Malignant Tumours?

Answer 16

outgrowing blood supply, usually in the core

Question 17

What cytokines are released within Malignant Tumours?

Answer 17

TGF-B

Question 18

How is the differentiation of cells in Malignant Tumours?

Answer 18

variable, well, mod, poor, anaplastic

Question 19

What does anaplastic mean?

Answer 19

completely undifferentiated

Question 20

What does transcoelomic mean?

Answer 20

tumour spread via the pleual, peritoneal cavities

Question 21

Ovarian cancer is always malignant? or benign?

Answer 21

It’s borderline/uncertain malignant

Question 22

4 ways a Malignant Tumour can spread?

Answer 22

lymphatic
blood-borne
local invasion
transcoelomic

Question 23

4 common sites of metastasis?

Answer 23

liver
bone
brain
lung

Question 24

colour of neoplastic lesions?

Answer 24

usually pale

Question 25

Due to transcoelomic spread of a Malignant Tumour on bowel serosa, what can happen?

Answer 25

cause ascites due to increase fluid from capillaries

Question 26

When a Malignant Tumours spreads via lymphatics and into broncho vascular bundles, you get patterns in the lungs: what is this called?

Answer 26

lymphangitis carcinomatosis

Question 27

Size and shape of neoplastic cells?

Answer 27

larger

pleomorphic

Question 28

Describe nuclear region of neoplastic cells?

Answer 28

coarder chromatin
hyperchromatic nuclei
larger nucleoli
more mitotic activity

Question 29

How is the architecure in neoplastic cells?

Answer 29

disorganized

Question 30

describe desmoplastic stroma:

Answer 30

dense collagen, more fibroblasts and inflamm cells trying to destroy tumours

Question 31

Adeno =

Answer 31

glandular

Question 32

desribe a squamous carcinoma

Answer 32

karatinization in the centre, surrounded by flat squamous cells with intercellular bridges

Question 33

leiomyo=

Answer 33

smooth muscle

Question 34

osteo:

Answer 34

osteobastic

Question 35

what the is suffix for benign?

Answer 35

-oma

Question 36

suffixes for malignant?

Answer 36

carcinoma

sarcoma

Question 37

carcinoma =

Answer 37

epithelial malignant

Question 38

sarcoma =

Answer 38

mesenchymal malignant

Question 39

are lymphomas malignant or benign?

Answer 39

malignant

Question 40

what is a ‘grade’ in a malignant tumour?

Answer 40

differentiation level

Question 41

T/F stroma is important for tumour growth

Answer 41

true

Question 42

how does a tumour remodell microenvironment? 3 ways

Answer 42

cell-cell
cell-matrix communication
cytokines

Question 43

Explain seed and soil of malignant tumours?

Answer 43

organ like liver, more likely to metastasize, compared to spleen

Question 44

majority of tumour volume is cells? t/F?

Answer 44

False. majority is stroma

Question 45

2 main ways to get tumours

Answer 45

acquired

inherited

Question 46

3 big classes of carcinogenic agents?

Answer 46

microbes
radiation
chemicals

Question 47

3 main classes of inherited?

Answer 47

tumour suppressor genes
defective DNA repair
multifactorial

Question 48

T/F sustained cell normal proliferation is risk of mutagenesis?

Answer 48

True

Question 49

Premalignant lesions are?

Answer 49

non-invasive precursors

Question 50

Dysplasia, intraepithelial neoplasia and premalignant lesions mean the same thing?

Answer 50

yes

Question 51

what is dysplasia?

Answer 51

abonormality of development in size, shape, organization

Question 52

are congenital dysplasias premalignant?

Answer 52

nope

Question 53

are epithelial dysplasias premalignant?

Answer 53

yes

Question 54

dysplasia past the basement membrane is grade?

Answer 54

3

Question 55

what does in situ carcinoma mean?

Answer 55

didn’t past basement membrane

Question 56

can squamous dysplasia metastasize?

Answer 56

nope, benign lesion

Question 57

glandular dysplasia are highly efficient with mucous secretion

Answer 57

Nope, incomplete cellular maturation makes them crappy secretors

Question 58

polyps from glandular or squamous dysplastic lesions?

Answer 58

glandular

Question 59

Do intraepithelial neoplasia premalignant?

Answer 59

yes