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Jason's Respiratory Block > Lung Infections > Flashcards

Lung Infections Flashcards

0
Q

What kind of pneumonia can be present in immunocompromised patients?

A

fungi and protozoa

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1
Q

Bacteria cause ____% of pneumonia cases?

A

85%

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2
Q

Clinical features of pneumonia? 5 things

A 
fever/chills
unrelenting cough
green/yellow sputum
angina
impaired gas exchange
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3
Q

50% of community acquired lung infections are what organism?

A

strep pneumoniae

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4
Q

Hospital pneumoniae are gram whats predominantly?

A

gram negative

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5
Q

What is pneumocystis jiroveci

A

protozoa that can cause pneumonia in immune compromised peeps

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6
Q

4 ways organisms reach the lung

A

inhalation
aspiration of URT secretions
aspiration of particles via gastric content etc.
haematogenous spread

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7
Q

Aetiology of infective pneumonia happens 3 ways

A

URT flora or in immunocompromised =strep, haemophilus, staph au
enteric: ecoli, pseudomonas
extraneous pathogens: legionella, TB

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8
Q

What the most common enteric saprophyte you see in hospital?

A

pseudomonas

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9
Q

Two kinds of inflammation in infective pneumonia

A

alveolar

interstitial

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10
Q

Alveolar inflam caused by what bugs?

A

bacterial: strep, staph, haemophlus, gram negs

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11
Q

interstitial inflamm caused by what?

A

virus/bacterial = atypical pneumonia

mycoplasma pneumoniae

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12
Q

where is pus in alveolar inflamm?

A

in the alveoli

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13
Q

Is there pus in the alveoli with interstitial inflamm?

A

Nope

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14
Q

Describe lung consolidation. How is it caused?

A

firm and solid

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15
Q

describe consolidation for bronchopneumonia

A

patchy

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16
Q

describe consolidation for lobar pneumonia

A

whole lobe affected

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17
Q

can you get acute bronchopneumonia in more than one lobe?

A

yes

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18
Q

Can you tell what bacteria is infecting based on lobar vs. bronchopneumonia?

A

Nope

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19
Q

Do you see more lobar or bronchopneumonia these days?

A

bronchopneumonia, lobar was more pre-antibiotic era

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20
Q

What determines the pattern of consolidation from a pneumonia bug?

A

lots of things: patient defenses, virulence of organism

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21
Q

What causes 90% of lobar pneumonias?

A

streptococcus

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22
Q

What can be present in sputum of lobar pneumonia

A

gram positive diplococci

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23
Q

4 stages of lobar pneumonia

A

congestion
red hepatization
gray hepatization
resolution

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24
What happens in lobar pneumonia congestion?
alveoli get filled with crap, lots of neutrophil and dead bugs
25
Why is red hepatization in lobar pneumonia red?
hemorrhage as RBCs are squeezed out of epithelial cells due to congested capillaries
26
Why is grey hepatization grey?
alveoli full of macrophages, neutrophils and fibrin
27
What age group(s) does acute bronchopneumonia occur?
young or old
28
is acute bronchopneumonia usually primary?
usually secondary to COPD, heart failure, cancer, CF
29
Can you get acute bronchopneumonia as a secondary infection after a what?
viral URTI
30
Bronchiole has no what?
cartilage
31
What's pleurasy?
inflammation of pleura
32
what causes lung abcesses? 4 things
staph, klebsiella, pseudomonas aspiration tumours septic emboli
33
Interstitial inflammation pneumonia commonly caused by what 2 things?
bacterial (atypical pneumonia) | viral
34
Other non-infection causes of Interstitial inflammation pneumonia? 3 things
drugs, immune diseases, radiation
35
Pathology of Interstitial inflammation pneumonia? 2 things
alveolar septa inflammed and infiltrated | bronchiolitis
36
Are there alveolar neutrophils in Interstitial inflammation pneumonia?
Nope
37
consolidation in Interstitial inflammation pneumonia?
Nope
38
How would you describe macroscopically Interstitial inflammation pneumonia lung?
wet, dark, heavy
39
Mycoplasma pneumoniae, coxiella burnetti, legionella, chlamydia are bacterial causes for what?
atypical pneumonia
40
Patient comes in with: systemic symptoms, malaise, aches, pains, headaches, dry non-productive cough and ambulatory with extensive radiological signs. what could it be?
atypical pneumonia
41
TB is defined as?
chronic granulomatous pneumonia due to infection with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
42
Where does a lot of the damage come from in TB?
secondary infection cause the immune system goes berserker
43
in primary TB where is the usual area of inflamm?
periphery of lungs, heals up, lies dormant
44
Gohn focus plus nodes =
Gohn complex
45
Size of granulomas
2mm!
46
what does epithelioid mean?
rounded
47
Where do you find multinucleated giant cells?
in granulomas
48
TB is an example of what kind of hypersensitivity? what promotes formation of granulomas?
Type IV
49
Gohn focus is made of what?
granulomatous inflammation and caseation
50
What on the lung is indicative of secondary TB?
cavitation
51
secondary TB usually involved what kind of pneumonia? lobar or bronchopneumonia?
lobar
52
where do you normally get secondary TB damage on the lungs?
apical areas of upper lobes
53
What is haemoptysis when does it occur?
erosion of blood vessels in secondary TB
54
How would TB spread via airways?
erosion into the bronchial tree leading to cavitation/spread
55
TB clinical features
insidious onset, weight loss, malaise, fevers, night sweats, haemoptysis, chronic cough
56
Mycobacterium tuberculosis are cocci, bacilli or spirilli?
bacilli
57
What is Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall made of?
mycolic acid
58
what does acid fast mean for Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
retains dyes even after attempts at decolourisation with acid
59
what stain for Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Ziehl-Neelson
60
Ways Mycobacterium tuberculosis can spread?
lymph
61
How do you get Miliary TB?
spread in blood stream
62
Can you get miliary TB in primary TB?
yes, both primary and secondary
63
What organs are affected by miliary TB?
liver spleen bone marrow brain
64
2 organs in single organ TB are?
spine | urogenital tract
65
what's potts disease?
spine TB
66
When do you get single organ TB?
secondary TB with caseation
67
abcesses in atypical pneumonia?
Nope.

Jason's Respiratory Block (20 decks)

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