Neonatology Flashcards
Physiologuc anemia occurs at what week in term babies?
6-8 weeks
Physiologuc anemia occurs at what week in preterm babies?
2-3 weeks
Newborn screening is RA
9288
If blood for newborn screening test was collected
After 2 weeks
Enzyme deficient in the classic for of galactosemia
Galactose-1-PO4 uridyltransferase deficiency (GALT
Other enzymes: galactokinase and galactose-4-epimerase
Most common manifestation of phenylketonuria without treatment is
Developmenyal delay
Unpleasant musty odor is characteristic of
Phenylketonuria
Well-defined, flat, blue-gray lesion found in the sacral area of a newborn. Normal or abnormal?
Mongolian spot; normal
Small papules or pustules on an errythematous base filled with eosinophil found in newborns
Erythema toxicum
Small pearly white inclusion cysts usually found in the face of a newborn
Milia
Lacy pattern in skin similar to cobblestones found in newborns
Cutis marmorata; reaction to cold stress
Waiter’s tip is a characteristic feature of
Erb-duchenne palsy (C5-C6)
Arm adducted, pronated and internally rotated
Claw hand is a characteristic feature of what birth injury?
Klumpkenpalsy (C8-T1)
With horner syndrome if with T1 involvement)
Moro reflex is present until
4-6 months
Arms abduct and extend, hands open, and legs flexed
Urethral opening on the dorsal penis
Epispadia
Urethral opening on the ventral penis
Hypospadia; more common
If the testes will not descend by ____ months, it will remain undescended
4 months
Majority descends in the 1st 3 months
Undescended testes is treated surgically by
9-15 months
Absence of lanugo and vernix caseosa, long nails, abundant scalp hair, desquamating skin and increased alertness are signs of
Post term infant
Reticulogranular, ground glass pattern with air bronchograms
RDS
“Bubbly lungs” or cystic lucencies, irregularly aerated lungs
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Most common cause of PPHN
Meconium aspiration syndrome
Coarse streaking granular pattern in both lung fields, irregularly aerated lungs, flattened diaphragm
MAS (with PPHN)
Physiologic jaundice presents in newborn when?
After 48 hours of life
Disappears by 5th to 7th day
Pathologic jaundice presents in newborn when?
During 1st 24 hours of life
Total bilirubin in physiologic jaundice? In pathologic jaundice?
peaks at 14-15 mg/dl
In pathologic, > 15mg/dl
Direct bilirubin in physiologic jaundice? In pathologic jaundice?
Physiologic - 10% of TB
Most common cause of hemolytic disease in the newborn
ABO compatibility
Mother is type O and baby is type A or B.
Onset of early neonatal sepsis
1st 7 days of life
Onset of late neonatal sepsis
8-28th day of life
3 common bacteria causing neonatal sepsis
E. Coli
GBS
L. Monocytogenes
Viruses: HSV and enterovirus
Chorioretinitis, intracranial calcifications, hydrocephalus in newborn are symptoms of
Toxoplasmosis
Treatment of toxoplasmosis in the newborn
Pyrimethamine and sulfonamide
IUG, cataracts, CHD, mental retardation, deadness, blueberry muffin rash
Congenital rubella syndrome
Most common congenital infection
CMV
Chorioretinitis, microcephaly and paraventricular calcification
CMV
Most common life threating emergency of the GIT in neonates
Necrotizing enterocolitis
Greatest risk factor of necrotizing enterocolitis
Prematurity
Pneumatosis intestinalis seen in abdominal X-ray
Necrotizing enterocolitis
Pathogenesis of TTN
Delayed resorption of fetal lung fluid
Which respiratory conditions in newborn infanys have the highest incidence of air leak?
MAS (41%)
RDS (27%)
Pathognomonic of pneumomediastinum
Subcutaneous emphysema
Infection due to inadequate care of the cord
Omphalitis
Hypotonia, lethargy, poor feeding, poor suck are signs of what phase of kernicterus?
1st phase
Hypertonia, opithotonus, high pitch cry and seizure are symptoms of what phase of kernicterus?
2nd phase
Hypotonia, long term neurologic injury, extrapyramidal disturbance, deafness are what phase of kernicterus?
3rd phase
Bronze baby syndrome is a complication of?
Phototherapy
Most common complication of cephalhematoma
Hyperbilirubinemia
Collection of blood beneath the aponeurosis and may extend to eyes and nape
Subgaleal hemorrhage
In subgalela hemorrhage, what vessel is ruptured?
Emissary vein
4 criteria for diagnosis of perinatal asphyxia
pH 5 minutes
Neurologic sequelae (hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy)
Multisystem organ failure
