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Pediatrics > Endocrinology > Flashcards

Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

Deficiency of GH with or without deficiency of other pituitary hormones

A

Hypopituitarism

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2
Q

Short stature, vomiting, visual field defect, thin dry hair, increased thirst and fluid intake, increased urination, hypotonia, poor balance, constipation are symptoms of

A

Craniopharyngioma (because they are usually located in the optic chiasm)

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3
Q

Most common cause of pituitary gigantism

A

pituitary adenoma

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4
Q

Normal range for height but over time, it starts falling off the height curve

A

Pathologic short stature

Example: malnutrition or underlying medical problem

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5
Q

Normal range for height; normal final adult height is reached but the growth spurt and puberty are delayed

A

Constitutional short stature

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6
Q

Stay parallel to the growth curve; due to Genetics

A

Familial Short stature

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7
Q

Parallel to the growth curve but is much more marked; Very low birth weight (500-100g)

A

Prenatal short stature

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8
Q

Criteria for stopping growth hormone therapy: Growth rate _____ and bone age ______in girls and _________ in boys

A

Growth rate 14 years in girls and>16 in boys

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9
Q

How is bone age determined?

A

X-ray of left wrist

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10
Q

More precise and cost-effective diagnostic method for hyperpituitarism

A

Serum IGF-1/Somatomedin C (Uniformly increased in untreated cases)

GH levels fluctuate and have short serum half-life (22 mins)

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11
Q

Surgical management if with well circumscribed pituitary adenoma:

A

transsphenoidal surgery (complete removal of thetumor)

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12
Q

Earliest signs of sexual maturity in girls

A

breast bud

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13
Q

Earliest signs of sexual maturity in boys

A

testicular swelling

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14
Q

Onset of secondary sex characteristics before 8 years old in girls and 9 years old in boys

A

PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY

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15
Q

Given to true precocious puberty patients

A

Leuprolide acetate – 0.25-0.3 mg/kg IM once every 4weeks

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16
Q

Definitive treatment for Grave’s disease

A

radioactive iodine ablation or thyroidectomy

17
Q

Most common etiology of congenital hypothyroidism

A

Thyroid dysgenesis

18
Q

Most common cause of thyroid disease in children & adolescents

A

THYROIDITIS Lymphocytic / Hashimoto / Autoimmune

19
Q

2 Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associated with an increased risk of goiter & thyroiditis

A

HLA-DR4, HLA-DR5

20
Q

Secreted by parafollicular cells of thyroid gland

A

Calcitonin

21
Q

Inhibits bone resorption by decreasing the number and activity of bone-resorping osteoclasts

A

Calcitonin

22
Q

Tapping of cheeks at the area of the facial nerve produces facial twitching

A

Chvostek sign; in hypocalcemia

23
Q

Thumb is adducted and the other fingers are extended; exhibited when you get the BP and let it stay in the mean blood pressure

A

Trosseau sign or laryngeal & carpopedal spasm; hypocalcemia

24
Q

Emergency treatment for neonatal tetany:

A

5-10 ml of 10% solution of calcium gluconate IV at a rate o f0.5-1 mL/min while HR is monitored

1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol) should be given – initial dose 0.25 ug/day & maintenance dose 0.01-0.1 ug/kg/day; given in 2 equal divided doses

25
Q

Characterized by hyperplasia or neoplasia of the endocrine pancreas, the anterior pituitary & parathyroid glands

A

multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndrome

26
Q

Most consistent X-ray finding in hyperparathyroidism

A

resorption of subperiosteal bone of the phalanges

27
Q

A useful test to determine CAH

A

serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone

28
Q

Rounded face, prominent cheeks, moon facies, buffalo hump, generalized obesity, abnormal masculinization, impaired growth, hypertension, increased susceptibility to infection

A

Cushing syndrome

29
Q

Tumors of pheochromocytoma is most often found on what laterality

A

Right

30
Q

Syndrome of males and females with normal karyotypes who have certain phenotypic features that occur also in females with Turner syndrome

A

NOONAN SYNDROME

Autosomal Dominant

31
Q

47, XXY chromosome

A

KLINEFELTER SYNDROME

32
Q

Most common sex chromosomal aneuploidy in males

A

KLINEFELTER SYNDROME

33
Q

Tall, slim, underweight, long legs, small testes & penis, gynecomastia, azoospermia, associated with leukemia& lymphoma; with mental retardation & psychosocial, learning, or school adjustment problems

A

KLINEFELTER SYNDROME

34
Q

45, X chromosomal complement

A

TURNER SYNDROME

35
Q

Most common endocrine-metabolic disorder of childhood & adolescence

A

DIABETES MELLITUS

36
Q

MPattern of undetected hypoglycemia followed by hyperglycemia that typically occurs in the middle of the night

A

SOMOGYI PHENOMENON

37
Q

Elevations of blood glucose occur between 5-9 am without preceding hypoglycemia

A

DAWN PHENOMENON

Reflects the waning effects of insulin probably due to increased clearance of insulin & nocturnal surges of GH that antagonize insulin’s metabolic effects

Pediatrics (8 decks)

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