Neonatal Care Flashcards
How much colostrum should be consumed within 12 hrs?
10% of foal bw
What is adequate passive transfer?
12-24hr: >800 IgG is adequate PT
What are the portals of entry for causing neonatal sepsis?
Gut, lungs, umbilicus
How often should foal be nursing?
More than 7x/day
What are the typical jts for orthopedic infection to occur?
MC/MT, tibiotarsal, or femorotibial
“Knee, fetlock, hock”
What is the most common cause of colic in foals? How can we tx?
Meconium Impaction;
Treat = sedate, Buscopan, NSAIDs, Acetylcysteine retention enema, endoscope
What do we use to tx contractual deformity in foals?
Oxytetracycline diluted with saline NOT LRS, splint, +/- surgery
Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy/Dummy Foals/Neonatal Maladjustment Syndrome, what are the two causes known?
Hypoxic insult during birth OR persistent fetal sleep (Use Madigan squeeze or drug to lessen progesterone synthesis like Dutasteride)
What drugs do we use to tx HIE aka dummy foal aka neonatal maladjustment Syndrome?
DMSO, fluids, NSAIDs, GastroGard
Thiamine
MgSO4
Naloxone
Random note- abdominocentesis to know for finallll—>
Done right of midline caudal pectoralis muscles– sterile prep– Lidocaine block done SQ and IM– #15 scalpel blade stab incision– bitch catheter– fluid into 2 purple tops and 1 red top tube
After __ hrs the window of colostrum absorption closes
12 hours
Well foal exam 12-24 hrs of age-what to expect:
May have PDA murmur (should close within 3 days), pass meconium, umbilicus small and dried, >800mg/dL IgG (adequate passive transfer)
what do we do if IgG is too low???
Low IgG does not mean that the foal will become septic but it may but do plasma transfusion if under 400mg/dL
Where does infectious osteoarthritis usually occur in foals? How do we diagnose it?
usually joints or growth plates; do arthrocentesis (will see elevated protein conc. and low viscosity of synovial fluids), rads
Tx for infectious osteoarthritis:
empiric abx, intra articular abx, regional limb perfusion
Prognosis for infectious osteoarthritis?
Bony changes decrease prognosis along with inf. of many jts, unable to see cartilage, and lameness persists
What is the tx for contractural deformities
oxytetracycline, splints, corrective sx
prognosis varies by severity and locations, can be severe enough to cause need for euth. esp. if in the carpus
How long does it take to see ortho infections on rads?
10-14 days to see changes on rads
Congenital hypothyroidism usually occurs in premature foals with ___ _____ _____
cuboidal bone hypoplasia
Premature placental separation can cause what illness in foals?
Hypoxic insult causing dummy foal
What neurotransmitters are responsible for persistent fetal sleep????
inhibitory endocrine neurotransmitters (Progesterone’s such as Pregnenolone/Prostaglandin D2/Placental neuroinhibitory peptide/Adenosine)
What is foal heat caused by?
changes in foal’s enteric flora
tx symptomatically, self limiting
Rotavirus occurs in foals from __ days to __ months of age. CS are caused by _____
2 days to 6 months; dehydration
How is foal diarrhea different from adult diarrhea?
Foal- originates from the SI
Adults- originates from the LI
