Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Equine Rotation Examination > Fluid Notes > Flashcards

Fluid Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Maintenance fluids

A

40-60mL/kg/day in adults/// 80-120 mL/kg/day in foals

needs are affected by species, age, fasting vs fed, ambient temp

DECREASE by HALF if fasted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Deficit of fluids is measured as….

A

estimated percent dehydrated x body weight (kg)= deficit in liters
ex: horse is 450kg x 0.05= 22.5L deficit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Blood volume of horses is approx. ___% of BW

A

8%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are three unquantifiable losses in horses?

A

Unquantifiable- moisture lost in respiration, evaporation from losses/exudates (ex: burn wounds), feces

Quantifiable- urine, NG tube, body cavity effusions, blood loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Monitor your fluid therapy-

A

repeat PE, repeat PCV/TP, lactate, and/or USG, urinary frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Blood volume expansion-

A 
Isotonic crystalloids (maintenance fluids), colloids, hypertonic saline, 
whole blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are used for main. fluids??

A

Isotonic crystalloids- LRS and plasmalyte are most commonly used

Distribute quickly into entire extracellular space
(Approx. 1/3 stays in vasculature), 10L bolus- about 3 L blood volume expansion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the disadvantage of using maintenance fluids?

A

Takes a long time to get in, large volumes may increase bleeding in trauma p or cause intestinal edema in colic cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is advantages of using main. fluids?

A

distributes to all spaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

_____ are fluids that contain a molecule that can exert oncotic pressure and can be natural or synthetic

A

colloids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Natural colloids vs. synthetic colloids-

A

Natural- plasma, albumin

Synthetic- Hetastarch, dextran

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Advantage vs. disadvantages of colloids-

A

disadvantages- coag. at high doses

advantages- lasting oncotic support, low volume= quick to infuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What fluids are short lived (0.5-3 hrs) and MUST be followed up with isotonic volume replacement?

A

Hypertonic saline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the dose of hypertonic saline?

A

4mL/kg (2 L for most adult horses)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

KNOW LISTING OF ADVANTAGES OF ORAL FLUID TX

A

Hydrates intestinal contents, can complement or replace IV fluid tx, stimulates GI motility, decreased need for precise control of e’lytes as compared to IV administration, greatly cheaper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Volume of adult horse stomach is __-___ L

A

8-10L

17
Q

Standard size of IV jugular catheter:

A

14 gauge

18
Q

Fetlock drop and/or hip hike will be seen on the unsound or sound limb?

A

Sound limb

19
Q

Why do we start with FL with regional anesthesia?

A

FL lameness often changes the flight pattern of the HL

20
Q

Carbocaine-

A

onset is 60-90 sec and duration is up to 2 hours, 3mL usually used per nerve to effectively eliminate sensation in 5-10 mins

21
Q

What is the largest nerve and requires 30 mins for full effect???

A

Tibial nerve

22
Q

How to calculate fluid deficit?

A

Estimate % dehydration x bw in kg= deficit in Liters

23
Q

example of how to calculate deficit:

A

450 kg horse that is 5% dehydrated

450kgx 0.05= 22.5 L deficit

24
Q

blood volume of a horse is about ___% of bw

can only draw like 1% of their blood in body weight

A

8%

25
Q

Subjective tools to estimate deficit are…

A

Hollow above the eyes, skin tent, mm/CRT, fecal consistency, urine color and frequency

26
Q

Objective tools to estimate deficits are….

A

PCV/TP, BUN and creatinine, Urine specific gravity and lactate, HR

27
Q

What is blood volume expansion used for? What are the fluids that do this?

A

Maintaining perfusion to vital organs and stabilize the p so they will survive anesthesia;
Isotonic crystalloids, colloids, hypertonic saline

28
Q

what is the volume expansion of giving 20 L of LRS?
Approx 1/3 stays in vasculature
so 10L bolus means 3 L for volume expansion

A

6-7 L

29
Q

For isotonic crystalloids (LRS, 0.9% saline, 5% dextrose, plasmalyte) stay in the vasculature aka are available for volume expansion?

A

1/3

30
Q

3 L of LRS means how much volume expansion?
2 L of hypertonic saline means how much L volume expansion (know that hypertonic saline is 8x tonicity of plasma and pulls fluids from interstitum to vasculature)

A

3L= 1L volume expansion

2 L= 8 L of volume expansion

31
Q

1 L of colloids= ___ liters of volume expansion

A

2 Liters

32
Q

1 Liter of hypertonic saline= ____ L volume expansion

A

4 L volume expansion

33
Q

What are the 3 common e’lyte supplementations in horses???

A

Potassium, calcium, magnesium

34
Q

Do not exceed ? of Potassium– very important in small patients, regardless of species

A

0.5 meq/kg/hr

35
Q

Getting IV fluids in faster

A

Larger jugular catheter
Multiple catheters
Usually two jugular catheters; cephalic and lateral thoracic also an option
Larger bore, shorter tubing
Extension set and administration set-The smallest diameter tubing in the system decides the rate!
Raise the fluids up higher to take advantage of gravity

36
Q

Oral fluid therapy advantages-

A

Hydrate intestinal contents - treat impactions
Can complement or replace IV fluid therapy
Stimulate GI motility – gastrocolic reflex
Decreased need for precise control of electrolytes compared to IV administration
Greatly decreased cost

37
Q

Hypertonic Saline

A

Approx 8 times the tonicity of plasma– pulls fluid by osmosis from interstitium into the vasculature- short lived- 0.5-3 hours
Must follow up with isotonic volume replacement

Dose 4 ml/kg (2 liters for most adult horses)
1 liter = 4 liters of blood volume expansion

38
Q

Dose of hypertonic saline

A

Dose 4 ml/kg (2 liters for most adult horses)

1 liter = 4 liters of blood volume expansion

39
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of hypertonic saline

A

Adv – cheap, low volume, improved microvascular perfusion

Disadv – cannot use if hypernatremic or hyperchloremic, short-lived effect 0.5-3 hrs

Equine Rotation Examination (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions