Neonatal Flashcards
Meconium aspiration can result in…
tx?
systemic hypoxia and pulmonary hypertension
Tx: intubation + tracheal suction + O2 mask
Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN):
dx?
tx?
achypnea, grunting, possible cyanosis in a c/s infant due to retained fetal lung fluid
dx = CXR shows pulmonary vascular markings
Tx = 100% O2 (will resolve in 3 days)
TTN vs. RDS:
TTN improves w/ O2, RDS persists despite O2
Neonatal bloody stool: management?
first get Apt test to differentiate maternal from fetal bleed, then further tests only if blood is fetal
Neonatal hypothermia is a/w incr risk of…
hypoglycemia
Management of neonatal hypoglycemia?
increase feedings if glucose <20
SGA = incr risk of…
congenital malformations, hypoglycemia (low glycogen/fat stores), future growth retardation
Tx hyperviscosity syndrome?
partial exchange transfusion
Duodenal atresia:
presentation?
bilious vomiting and polyhydramnios
Cause of intestinal atresia?
KUB shows…
vascular accidents in utero
“triple bubble”
Neonatal hypothyroidism :
cause?
cause of umb hernia?
thyroid dysgenesis → lack of T4/T3 synthesis
hypothy = constipation → distended abdomen →umbilical hernia
Neonatal thyrotoxicosis: tx?
propylthiouracil (PTU) for 2-4 months until mom’s ab disappear
cranial bruits + high-output CHF =
AVM of great vein of Galen
Tx NEC?
NPO/IVF/abx if unperforated, surgery if perforated
Congenital toxoplasmosis: management?
pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine
Tx congenital Rubella?
supportive
MC sequelae of congenital CMV?
CMV inclusion disease =
tx?
sensorineural hearing loss (usually asymptomatic
“blueberry muffin” rash, HSM/jaundice, thrombocytopenia, periventricular calcifications
tx = IV GCV + supportive care
Neonatal HSV
tx?
vesicular rash, HSV pneumonitis, temporal lobe encephalitis (focal seizures)

Tx: IV ACV + vidarabine if disseminated/systemic
Early congenital syphilis =
dx?
tx?
maculopapular peeling rash, snuffles (rhinitis w/ serous, purulent, or bloody discharge), HSM, jaundice, generalized LAD

Dx screen w/ RPR/VDRL, confirm w/ TPPA or FTA- ABS
Tx PCN + supportive care
Late congenital syphilis =
dx?
tx?
deafness, saber shins, mulberry molars, Hutchinson teeth, saddle nose

Dx screen w/ RPR/VDRL, confirm w/ TPPA or FTA- ABS
Tx PCN + supportive care
Congenital varicella syndrome?
tx?
limb hypoplasia, clear vesicles → cutaneous scars, chorioretinitis, cortical atrophy

Tx VZIG if mom has chickenpox from 5 days prior to 2 days after delivery, otherwise reassurance
Cephalohematoma?
bleeding between periosteum and skull → “squishy” feel to scalp that doesn’t cross midline
Caput succedaneum?
soft-tissue swelling of scalp where baby was delivered, crosses midline
Subgaleal hemorrhage?
bleeding under galeal aponeurosis → “squishy” feel to rapidly expanding scalp that crosses midline;
*Tx NICU admit for possible hemorrhagic shock
