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Peds Clerkship > CV + GI > Flashcards

CV + GI Flashcards

1
Q

L-to-R shunts:

R-to-L shunts:

A

late-onset cyanosis due to Eisenmenger syndrome; includes VSD, ASD, PDA

early-onset cyanosis; includes ToF, TGV, TAPVR, Tricuspid atresia

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2
Q

Eisenmenger syndrome =

A

pulmonary hypertension reverses L-to-R shunts into R-to-L shunts

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3
Q

TOF =

A

PROVe – Pulmonic stenosis (determines Prognosis), RVH, Overriding aorta, VSD

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4
Q

Life-threatening cyanosis in a newborn + single loud S2 without murmur

A

Transposition of the great vessels

**emergent PGE1 then cath lab for atrial septostomy

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5
Q

Aortic coarctation tx?

A

balloon angioplasty

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6
Q

Ebstein anomaly:

A

RA hypertrophy + atrialized RV + tricuspid valve dilatation

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7
Q

mid-systolic click and late-systolic rumble

A

MVP (AD)

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8
Q

Rheumatic fever = type __ hypersensitivity

A

2

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9
Q

Bronchiolitis ppx for high risk infants?

A

pavilizumab

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10
Q

Eosinophilic esophagitis:
dx?
tx?

A

allergic response to food in esophagus → GERD-like sx unresponsive to PPIs

Dx EGD + bx shows eosinophils in esophagus
Tx PO steroids

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11
Q

Milk protein intolerance:

A

neonate w/ bloody diarrhea + eosinophils in stool

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12
Q

Volvulus (malrotation):

A

incomplete rotation of GI tract during development → bilious vomiting, abdominal pain/distention

Dx barium enema shows malposition of the cecum

Tx emergent surgical correction (↑risk of short gut)

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13
Q

Meconium ileus:
presentation?
dx?
tx?

A

(pathognomonic for CF) presents in newborn w/ bilious vomiting, abdominal pain/distention

Dx KUB shows dilated megacolon but barium enema shows microcolon from disuse

Tx gastrograffin enema

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14
Q

Hirschsprung disease:
dx?
tx?

A

neural crest cells fail to migrate → lack of nerves in distal colon → chronic constipation since birth

Dx screen w/ barium enema, confirm w/ rectal bx

Tx surgical pull-through

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15
Q

Necrotizing enterocolitis:
dx?
tx?

A

presents as abdominal distention, vomiting, GI bleed, decreased bowel sounds

Dx KUB shows pneumatosis intestinalis

Tx NPO/IVF/abx if unperforated, surgery if perforated

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16
Q

Meckel diverticulum:
dx?
tx?

A

MCC painless LGIB in a child

Dx technetium uptake for ectopic gastric mucosa

Tx surgery if symptomatic

17
Q

Toddler diarrhea:

A

chronic explosive diarrhea in an infant w/ normal physical exam; Tx reassurance

18
Q

Abetalipoproteinemia:

tx?

A

celiac disease-like presentation but normal GI bx

Tx ADEK supplements + low-fat diet

19
Q 
Crohn:
location?
morphology?
complications?
dx?
A

“mouth to anus” w/ skip lesions, rectal sparing

transmural inflammation, cobblestoning, noncaseating granulomas

strictures, fistulas, SBO

+calprotectin, +ASCA, KUB shows terminal ileal “string sign”

20
Q 
UC
location?
morphology?
complications?
dx?
A

colorectal, continuous

mucosal inflammation, crypt abscesses and pseudopolyps

toxic megacolon, colorectal cancer

+calprotectin, +p-ANCA, KUB shows “lead pipe sign”

21
Q

Rotor syndrome:

A

neonatal direct hyperbilirubinemia + ↑LFTs + no black liver

22
Q

Dubin-Johnson syndrome:

A

neonatal direct hyperbilirubinemia + ↑LFTs + “black liver”

23
Q

Breast-milk jaundice:

A

due to glucuronidase and indirect bilirubin in breast milk

24
Q

Breast-feeding jaundice:

tx?

A

↓feeding → dehydration → retained meconium → ↑enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin

Tx ↑feeding frequency

25
Q

Choledochal cyst:
dx?
tx?

A

cyst in CBD → biliary tree obstruction → progressive direct hyperbilirubinemia

Dx abdominal U/S, confirm w/ HIDA scan

Tx surgery

26
Q

Biliary atresia:
dx?
tx?

A

lack of CBD → progressive direct hyperbilirubinemia

Dx abdominal U/S, confirm w/ HIDA scan

Tx hepatoportoenterostomy (Kasai procedure)

27
Q

HAV:
dx?
tx?

A

Dx HAV IgM (acute), HAV IgG (immune or previous infx)

Tx supportive care

28
Q

HBV:
buzzwords?
dx?
tx?

A 
polyarteritis nodosa, MGN

Dx HBsAg (acute), HBsAb (immune or previous infx), HBcAb IgM (window), HBeAg (infectious)

Tx IFN-α

29
Q

HCV:
buzzwords?
dx?
tx?

A

cryoglobulinemia, carcinoma, IVDA, MPGN

Dx HCV RNA (acute or chronic)

Tx IFN-α + ribavarin

30
Q

HDV:
buzzwords?
dx?
tx?

A

deadly, defective, HBV co-infection

Dx HDV Ab

Tx IFN-α

31
Q

HEV:
buzzwords?
dx?
tx?

A

cruise ships, fatal in pregnancy

Dx HEV Ab

Tx supportive care

Peds Clerkship (13 decks)

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